Lesson Eight

1. Grammar Exercises: 1. The Past Perfect Tense Active Voice. 2. Revision of the Indefinite Tenses in the Passive Voice

1.1. Learn to translate the sentences with the Past Perfect Tense Active

Had Done / Had... Done?

a) Past Perfect + by... / by the time

1) We had finished the work by Friday.

2) He had learnt to dance by the New Year’s Party. Hadn’t he learnt to dance earlier?

3) By the end of the term the students had made several laboratory works in chemistry.

4) The group had divided up into technologists and designers by the end of the first year.

5) By the time he was four he had learnt to read. Had he learnt to write by this time?

6) By the time the war began the women’s fashion had greatly changed. Had men’s fashion changed too?

b) Past Perfect + before + Past Indefinite

1) He had gone before I came.

2) The girl had looked through some books before she wrote the composition.

3) We had returned home before it started raining heavily.

4) The game had begun before we reached the sports ground.

5) They had arrived at the theatre before the play began.

c) Past Indefinite + after + Past Perfect

1) They left the shop after they had paid for the books.

2) The police arrived after the robbers had run away.

3) They arrived at the station after the train had left.

4) The boy switched on the TV set after he had done his homework.

5) The group of students went to the mountains after they had passed their exams.

1.1.1. Practise in constructing the sentences of your own with predicates in Past Perfect and Past Indefinite.

a) Combine the sentences by the conjunction after. Follow the model.

Model: I told her who I was. Then she opened the door.

She opened the door after I had told her who I was.

Or after I had told her who I was she opened the door.

1) He got some money. Then he bought new fashionable clothes.

2) She wrote and published several books. Then they became best sellers.

3) The patient spoke to the doctor. Then he felt much better.

4) The young woman looked through the fashion magazine. Then she chose the designs of the dress and the coat.

5) She phoned to her best friend. Then she left home.

b) Combine the sentences by the conjunction before. Follow the model:

Model: He left. Then I came back.

He had left before I came back.

1) He put on his warm coat and gloves. Then he left the house.

2) He wrote three exercises. Then he realized that he was doing the wrong ones.

3) The mechanic repaired the car. Then the client came.

4) I shortened my new dress. Then I put it on.

5) He listened to the song. Then he remembered the name of the composer.

1.1.2. Make up sentences combining the parts of the first and second columns. Pay attention to the use of the conjunction because.

1) The boy couldn’t find the toy car,	a) because there was a terrible storm.
2) The teacher of physics has a good knowledge of the subject,	b) because I had spent all the money.
3) I didn’t buy another shirt for my brother,	c) because she had promised her mother to return home early.
4) She left the party early,	d) because he had studied at the University.
5) We all were frightened,	e) because his brother had hidden it.
6) Many people like to wear tailored suits,	f) because they are fashionable and look elegant.

1.1.3. Check yourself if you can use the correct form of the verb in the predicates.

1) The father had (return, returned) home by supper.

2) Some coats and hats were (line, lined) with another type of fur.

3) Somebody (touches, touched) me on the shoulder when I got on a bus.

4) Women (wear, wore) two-piece day dresses in 1900–10.

5) In 1906 a sleeveless Princess dress with square-cut top was (wore, worn) over a blouse.

6) By the end of the 19th century the famous ‘tailored costume’ had (influence, influenced) women’s wear too.

7) Bodices were (fasten, fastened) at left or centre front.

8) We hope the fashion will (change, changes) the silhouette and the length of clothes.

9) The dressmaker has (cut, cuts) the dress and is (making, made) it now.

10) She had (buy, bought) a white leather bag to match her new shoes before she went to the Crimea.

1.1.4. Practise in translating the sentences from Russian into English. Mind the use of Past Perfect.

1) Он научился читать и писать к тому вpемени, когда он пошёл в школу.

2) Они пpекpатили игpать в футбол до того, как начался дождь.

3) Он отpемонтиpовал стул до того, как веpнулись pодители.

4) Пётp получил письмо Игоpя после того, как Игоpь пpиехал в Москву.

5) Я пpишла в кинотеатp, когда фильм уже начался (to start).

6) Джейн пpочитала несколько книг об известных Бpитанских художниках пеpед тем, как она посетила the Tate Gallery.

1.2. Find out from your partner why her (his) friends phoned her (him). Use this mini-dialogue as a model and add some of your own ideas.

A: I hear you had a telephone call from Helen yesterday.

B: Yes, I did. She phoned to tell me that she had moved into the new flat.

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