Glossary. important. In business transactions, for example, the people involved are keenly aware of what they receive for what they offer

Figure 2.

important. In business transactions, for example, the people involved are keenly aware of what they receive for what they offer. Likewise, the secondary relationships that often characterize neighbours are based on the expectation that any neighbourly favour will be reciprocated in the future.

The goal orientation of secondary groups diverts the focus of social interaction from personal matters to mutually beneficial cooperation. With the wish to maximize these benefits, members of secondary groups are likely to craft their performances carefully, and usually expect others to do the same. Therefore, the secondary relationship is one in which the question «How are you?» may be politely asked without really wanting an answer.

awkward – трудный, неудобный benefit – выгода, эффект, выигрыш contain – содержать, включать craft – выполнять, умение crucial – ключевой, решающий dimension – сторона, аспект, величина display – выставка, демонстрация distinguish – различать, характеризовать divert – отводить, отклонять enduring – длительный, прочный, постоянный environment – окружение, окружающая обстановка evaluate – оценивать, давать оценку exchange – обмен, замена expect – ждать, предполагать, надеяться expectation – ожидание, предвкушение extent – протяжение, степень favour – одобрение, благосклонность in favour of – в пользу genuine – истинный, искренний greet – приветствовать, встречать hasty – быстрый, несдержанный, необдуманный identity – идентичность, подлинность, индивидуальность interaction -взаимодействие keenly – сильно, горячо, страстно mutual – общий, совместный, взаимный mutually – взаимно primary – главное, основное prompt – подсказка, побуждать, вызывать provide – предоставлять, обеспечивать reciprocate – отплачивать, отвечать взаимностью respond – отвечать, реагировать secondary – второстепенный security – безопасность self-conscious – стеснительный, застенчивый sensitive – чуткий, впечатлительный, ранимый short-term – краткосрочный significance – значение, важность support – поддержка, помощь ties – связи transitory – временный, преходящий vary – меняться, различаться welfare – благополучие, благосостояние

II. Answer the following questions:

1. What groups do sociologists distinguish? 2. Who was the first to speak on the importance of such distinction? 3. What group is called primary? 4. What is the most important primary group for a child? 5. What groups influence the child's social development? 6. How are secondary groups organized? 7. Give examples of such groups. 8. What group plays an important part in the formation of personality? 9. What does the child receive within the circle of his family and his playmates? 10.What else does he learn there?

III. Contradict the following statements. Start your sentence with: «Quite on the contrary...»

1. Primary groups are organized according to special interests of one kind or another. 2. For a young child the school group constitutes the most important group. 3. Secondary groups depend on face to face association. 4. Secondary groups are more characterized with intimate co-operation than primary groups. 5. It is the secondary group that plays the main part in the early formation of personality. 6. Within the secondary group the child receives the direct training as a member of society.

IV. Ask your friend: - who drew a distinction between social groups; - what he understands by a primary group; - what group the family presents; - why the primary groups are of major importance in our lives; - what the strength of primary relationships gives individuals; - what a secondary group is characterized by; - what ties individuals share within the secondary group; - what groups are less significant -- primary or secondary; - in what respect group social exchange is more important.

V. Find in the text the facts to prove that:

1. The family constitutes the most important primary group for a child. 2. Membership in a primary group is an important feature of a child's life. 3. Membership in a secondary group is an important feature of an adult life.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-29