Read the examples. Complete the grammar rules

Make a list of the problems they refer to.

Work in pairs. Read the newspaper extracts about traffic in European cities.

LESSON11

Work in groups. Discuss these questions. Give reasons for your opinions.

Describe your plans for tomorrow. Say what you will do if things go wrong.

Example:

I’m meeting a customer tomorrow. If the meeting isn't successful, we won’t sign the contract.

1. Do you think the 21st century will be ‘The New Age of the Train’? What will this depend on?

2. If the CER proposal becomes a reality, will more people prefer to travel by train than by plane?

3. Will Europe solve its traffic problems if it has an integrated network of high-speed trains?

4. What other changes will there be in the way people travel in the next century?

TRAFFIC CRISIS IN EUROPE’S CAPITALS

GRAMMAR: SECOND CONDITIONAL

1.What traffic problems do cities in your country have? What are the authorities doing about the problems?

A.In Paris, 1.4 million cars travel daily into the city where there are officially only 700,000 park­ing spaces. On average, drivers spend 20 minutes driving around looking for a parking space, causing bigger traffic jams.

B. In Rome, many people want to ban cars from the city centre. City officials have promised new metro lines. Rome’s underground covers only 24 kilometres, compared to 397 kilometres in London, and 198 in Paris.

C.Government officials say the number of cars in Berlin will more than double in the next three years. ‘There will be traffic chaos in Berlin,’ said an official. ‘Whatever measures we take, traffic congestion will continue to get worse for many years.

D. Double-parking is so common in many of Madrid’s main streets that they are often completely blocked. ‘We need far more underground car parks,’ says Madrid’s mayor, ‘so people can use streets for their original purpose - for moving around.’

E. Emergency measures banned cars from Athens’ city centre as pollution rose to danger levels this week. Hospitals admitted dozens of people with breathing and heart problems. Hot, sunny weather made the poll­ution worse.

2nd Conditional

If motorists had to pay to drive in cities, they would use their cars a lot less.

If I were the Transport Minister, I would stop building motorways.

We could make some of the money if we charged people for driving in cities.

To make the 2nd Conditional, use//+Past Simple, +............................. or

could * infinitive.

Use the 2nd Conditional to express an unlikely or unreal condition and its probable result, in the present or future.

Is it also correct to say If I was the Transport Minister...

What is the difference in meaning between these sentences?

If I have more time, I’ll travel more.

If I had more time, I’d travel more.

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