The passive

VINTAGE AND NON-VINTAGE CHAMPAGNE

CHAMPAGNE CELLARS

TYPES OF GRAPE

Work in groups. Read the article about champagne. Answer the questionnaire.

CHAMPAGNE OR SPARKLING WINE?

Only wine which is produced in the Champagne region of France can be labelled 'champagne'. In Spain, Australia, the United States, Germany, Italy, and South Africa sparkling wines are produced in the same way as champagne, using the 'methode champenoise', but they are not allowed to have the des­cription 'champagne' on their labels.

‘LA CHAMPAGNE’ AND ‘LE CHAMPAGNE’

'La Champagne' is a limited area 140 kilo­metres north-east of Paris. Vines have been grown in this region of France for more than 2,000 years, but until the 17th century still wine, not sparkling wine, was produced. 'Le champagne' was first made in the 17th cen­tury. The experiments of a Benedictine monk, Dom Perignon, led to the develop­ment of the 'methode champenoise'

Champagne is made from three types of grape, the black Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier, and the white Chardonnay grape. These are the only varieties which are permitted in Champagne. Typically, two thirds black grapes and one third white are used to make cham­pagne. 'Blanc de Blancs' is made from white grapes only.

Under the vineyards of Champagne there are 200 kilometres of chalk cellars. They were cut by the Romans and they have been used since Roman times. Their constant 10°C temperature is ideal for producing champagne. This underground chalk ex­tends as far as Britain, where it rises above ground as the White Cliffs of Dover!

Most champagne is non-vintage. Vintage champagne is a cham­pagne which has been produced from the grapes of one particu­lar year. About a hun­dred days of sun are needed for a vintage year. Non-vintage champagne is made by blending the wine reserves of different years. One of the top champagnes, Krug Reserve, is the result of blending nearly fifty different wine reserves.

CHAMPAGNE QUESTIONNAIRE

1.Which sparkling wines can put the name ‘champagne’ on their label?

2. What is the difference between ‘la Champagne’ and ‘le champagne’?

3. Is champagne made from white grapes only?

4. What can you find under the vineyards of the Champagne region in France?

5. Who was Dorn Perignon?

6. What is the difference between vintage and non-vintage champagne?

2. Underline one verb form in each paragraph which is about champagne production. Which tenses are they?

Example Only wine which is produced in the Champagne region of France can be labelled ‘champagne’.

Read the examples. Complete the grammar rules.

PRESENT SIMPLE

· A hundred days of sun are needed for a vintage year.

· ‘Blanc de Blancs’ is made from white grapes only.

PAST SIMPLE

· The chalk cellars were cat by the Romans.

· Champagne was first made in the 17th century.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

· The chalk cellars have been used since Roman times.

· Vintage champagne is a champagne which has been produced from the grapes of one particular year.

1).To make the passive, use the verb......... in the correct tense + the past participle of the verb (e.g. made, produced grown).

2). Use the................ when you want to describe actions without describing who does them.

3). When we want to say who does the action in a passive sentence, we use the word…………….

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