Post-purchase, buyer, purchase, motivation, complaint, alternatives determine, satisfied

Assignment 10. Find the synonyms to the following words.

Fairly, promptly, to treat, compensation, faulty, to operate, wise, to ensure, choice, framework, baseline, worldwide, essence, to relate to, potential, to protect, eventually, to expect, features (of a product), definition.

Assignment 11. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word. Translate the text.

After the purchase has taken place, the … begins evaluating the product to check whether its actual performance meets expected levels. Many of the criteria used in evaluating … are applied again during the … evaluation. This stage will … whether the consumer is … or dissatisfied.

Either outcome strongly influences consumers’ … and information processing. Consumers’ satisfaction or dissatisfaction determines whether they make a …, communicate with other possible buyers or … the product again.

Assignment 12. Fill in the blanks with prepositions. Translate the passage.

There are important reasons … marketers to analyze consumer buying behaviour. The success … a company’s marketing strategy will depend … how buyers react … it. The marketing concept stresses that the marketing mix companies develop must be designed with customer needs … mind. To find … what satisfies customers, marketers must examine the main influences … what, where, when and how consumers buy. … understanding these factors better, marketers are better able to predict how consumers will respond … marketing strategies. Ultimately, this information helps companies compete more effectively … the marketplace and leads … more satisfied customers.

Assignment 13. Consult the dictionary and define the following terms.

Consume, consumable, consumables, consumer, consumption, consumerism.

Assignment 14. Translate into English.

1. Споживачі довгий час були захищені законами. 2. Роблячи покупку, споживач сподівається, що товар є безпечним для використання. 3. Споживач має право поскаржитися, і скаргу буде розглянуто чесно та невідкладно. 4. Люди повинні споживати товари розумно, зменшуючи кількість відходів, забруднення та токсичних викидів. 5. Природні ресурси знищуються безвідповідальними виробниками, корпораціями та урядом. 6. Основні напрямки захисту прав споживача являють собою основу для встановлення мінімальних стандартів захисту.

Grammar: Complex Sentences. Types of Clauses: adverbial clauses.

Підрядні обставинні речення (Adverbial Clauses)

Серед підрядних обставинних речень ми розрізняємо підрядні речення часу (time – when?), місця (place – where?), причини (reason – why), наслідку (result – with what result?), мети (purpose – with what purpose?), умови (condition – on what condition?), способу дії та порівняння (manner and comparison – how?) та допустові підрядніречення (concession –in spite of what?).

Adverbial Clauses of	Conjunctions and Phrases
time	when – коли; after – після того як, before – перш ніж, перед тим як; while – у той час як, поки; as – коли, в той час як, в міру того як; till, until – поки; whenever – кожного разу, коли; as soon as – як тільки; as long as – поки; since – з того часу як.
place	where – де, куди; wherever – де б не, куди б не.
reason	because – бо, тому що; as, since – оскільки, тому що, for – через те що.
result	so that,so – так що, тож, отож.
purpose	so that, that, so, in order that,in order to – щоб, для того щоб; lest – щоб не.
condition	if – якщо, якби; unless, except if – якщо не; provided that, providing, as long as, so long as – якщо і тільки за цієї умови; on condition – за умови.
manner and comparison	as – як; as … as – так … як; not so … as – не так … як; than – чи; as if, as though – наче, ніби; the more … the more– чим більше … тим більше.
concession	though, although, as – хоч, хоча; whoever – хто б не; whatever – що б не; whichever – який би не; however – як би не.

* В англійській мові кома зазвичай не ставиться між головним і підрядним обставинним реченням, коли головне речення стоїть перед підрядним і, навпаки, якщо підрядне речення стоїть перед головним, між ними ставиться кома. Порівняйте: She went for a walk to the park after she had finished working on the report. After she had finished working on the report, she went for a walk to the park.

Assignment 15. Read the following sentences, define the kind of adverbial clauses and translate the sentences.

1. The company covered its expenses sooner than we had expected. 2. They won’t earn any profit unless they modernize their factory. 3. They will provide the equipment on condition we pay them in advance. 4. You will make less mistakes in your calculations provided you are more attentive. 5. He is working hard so that revenues will increase. 6. The banks increased the interest rates because the economic situation in the country had become worse. 7. What are you going to produce after you introduce this product to the market? 8. Our company is a monopolist in the market as it offers a unique product. 9. The local authorities allowed us to build a new plant in the district where we previously had planned the construction. 10. Send a message to our partners at once so that they may know about our plans. 11. She couldn’t prepare financial statements as thoroughly as her colleagues could. 12. Although many mechanisms exist for promoting the growth of international business, there are also many barriers to doing business abroad.

Assignment 16. Join the two halves of these sentences so that they make a sense and define the kind of adverbial clauses.

A

1. I never sign a letter …

2. I often prefer to write …

3. I usually telephone …

4. Please check my in-tray …

5. I shall be able to confirm this …

6. We cannot confirm the order …

7. Please reply at once …

8. Please reply as soon as possible …

B

a. … although a phone call is quicker.

b. … after I have checked our stock position.

c. … before I have read it through.

d. … in order to save time.

e. … because we do not have sufficient stocks.

f. … until we have checked our stock position.

g. … while I am away at the conference.

h. … so that we can order the supplies we need.

Assignment 17. Combine the sentences into complex using adverbial clauses. Begin with conjunctions given below as in the model.

Model: First we’ll check our inventory and then let you know our delivery date. After we have checked our inventory, we’ll let you know our delivery date.

1. Please send us another copy of your invoice and we’ll pay it at once.

If _______________________________________________________.

2. The consignment was packed for export and loaded on to the truck.

Before __________________________________________________.

3. Each order is manufactured and the packaging is printed at the same time.

While ________________________________________________________.

4. Your letter was delayed in the post and we have not been able to process your order yet.

Because ______________________________________________________.

5.Pleaseinform us of your telex number and we’ll be able to reply to your inquiry at once.

So that ________________________________________________________.

Assignment 18. Complete the following sentences.

1. I sent them an inquiry after …. 2. We met our partners where …. 3. Since …, I shall not insist on your preparing the financial statement at once. 4. They set up a joint venture in order to …. 5. The project was so profitable that …. 6. The interest rates have increased although …. 7. The employee did as …. 8. If …, the manager will be satisfied. 9. We should order these goods unless …. 10.

The auditor won’t send you his opinion until ….

Assignment 19. Rewrite the sentences using a prepositional phrase in brackets instead of the conjunctions as in the model.

Model: Who is dealing with your correspondence while you are absent? (during)

Who is dealing with your correspondence during your absence?

1. I went to see the factory after I had looked round the offices. (after) 2. I’ll have to see the shipping manager before I confirm the order. (before) 3. There was a delay because we had some technical problems. (because of) 4. It was completed on time although some of the staff were ill. (in spite of) 5. The visitors arrived while you were having your lunch break. (during) 6. As the number of orders had fallen, the works closed down. (Due to) 7. He is on holiday now. Then he will be in touch with you. (After)

Assignment 20. Translate into English.

1. Наші товари стануть дешевшими за умови, що ми зменшимо витрати. 2. Якщо ми не модернізуємо виробництво, ми зазнаємо великих збитків у найближчому майбутньому. 3. Ми швидко продамо ваші товари, оскільки вони користуються великим попитом. 4. Як тільки збори розпочнуться, я вас повідомлю. 5. Компанія відкрила дочірню фірму там, де було найвигідніше. 6. Чим краще розміщені ресурси, тим вищий рівень життя населення. 7. Організаційна структура з лінійним підпорядкуванням має багато переваг, хоч певні недоліки також існують. 8. Для того, щоб надати кредит організаціям або окремим особам, банки завжди нараховують відсотки. 9. Контракт підписано, отож ми можемо поїхати у відпустку. 10. Вона завершить звіт до того, як керівник повернеться з відрядження.

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