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· assembly line [ə`sembli] – a line of workers and machines in a factory that fit the parts of a product together in a fixed order;

· “History is bunk” = “Live in the present, not the past”;

10. Bill Gates[bıl geıts] (1956-). Ranked as the world’s richest person from 1995-2006, Bill Gates was a college dropout. He started the largest computer software company, Microsoft Corporation. Gates and his wife are philanthropists, starting The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with a focus on global health and learning.

Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

· dropout – someone who leaves a school or college without completing the course.

· Microsoft Corporation – is a United States-based multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. Headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA, its most profitable products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite [swi:t] of productivity software. William Henry Gates III (known as Bill Gates) and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in New Mexico in 1975. The name of the company comes from MICRO computer SOFT ware. Microsoft’s original mission was “a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software.”

· philanthropist [fı`læn^tθrəpıst] – a person who helps those who are poor or in trouble, especially a rich person who gives generous gifts of money;

· The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (B&MGF) – is the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. The foundation is “driven by the interests and passions of the Gates family.” The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty; and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffet. In 2007 its founders were ranked as the second most generous philanthropists in America.

11. Milton Hershey [`mılt ə n `hə:∫i] (1857-1945). With only a fourth grade education, Milton Hershey started his own chocolate company. In 1900, Milton S. Hershey developed the recipe for what would become a great American classic. He was driven by the belief that everyone should be able to enjoy the great taste of milk chocolate, a privilege at the time only enjoyed by the wealthy. So he returned to his birthplace, Derry Church, PA (later to be named Hershey, PA) and located his chocolate manufacturing operation in the heart of Pennsylvania’s dairy country. Here he could obtain the large supplies of fresh milk needed to make pure milk chocolate. What he built turned out to be the world’s largest chocolate factory. Hershey’s Milk Chocolate became the first nationally marketed chocolate. Hershey also focused on building a wonderful community for his workers, known as Hershey, Pennsylvania.

Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

· Hershey’s Milk Chocolate – is America’s best-loved chocolate brand with a legacy of quality spanning over 100 years.

· community – a group of people living together and / or united by shared interests, religion, nationality etc.; the public; people in general;

· Hershey, Pennsylvania – is a community located 14 miles east of Harrisburg. It was originally named Derry Church, Pennsylvania. It was renamed Hershey in 1906 after the growing popularity of Hershey’s Chocolate. It is popularly called “Chocolatetown, USA.” Hershey is also referred to as “The Sweetest Place on Earth.” Milton S. Hershey dreamed of building the perfect town to live, work, and play for the employees of his chocolate company. Today, Hershey is a year-round, world-class resort destination offering deluxe [də`lAks] accommodations, unique culinary events, distinctive golf, a chocolate-themed spa, and top-name entertainment for families and guests of all ages.

12. Steve Jobs[sti:v GObz] (1956-2011). After attending one semester of college, Steve Jobs worked for Atari before co-founding Apple Computers. Now without the “Computers” in their name, Apple includes innovative products such as the iPod, iTunes, and the iPhone. Steve Jobs was also the CEO and co-founder of Pixar before it merged with Walt Disney.

Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

· Atari [ə`tα:ri] – is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. It is currently owned by Atari Interactive, a wholly owned subsidiary of the French publisher Infogrames Entertainment SA.

· Apple Computers (Apple Inc.) – is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics and software products. Established by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976 and incorporated January 3, 1977, the company was called Apple Computer Inc. for its first 30 years, but dropped the word “Computer” on January 9, 2007.

· iPod – iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc. and launched on October 23, 2001 (2001-10-23). As of September 2008^[update], more than 173,000,000 iPods had been sold worldwide, making it the best-selling digital audio player series in history. The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase “Open the pod bay door, Hal!” which refers to the white EVA Pods of the Discovery One spaceship. Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use. Joseph N. Grasso of New Jersey had originally listed an “iPod” trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in July 2000 for Internet kiosks. The first iPod kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jersey in March 1998, and commercial use began in January 2000, but had apparently been discontinued by 2001. The trademark was registered by the USPTO in November 2003, and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in 2005.

· iTunes –is a proprietary digital media player application, used for playing and organizing digital music and video files. The program is also an interface to manage the contents on Apple’s popular iPod digital media players as well as the iPhone. iTunes was introduced by Apple Inc. on January 9, 2001 at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco.

· iPhone – is an Internet-connected, multimedia smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc. Because its minimal hardware interface lacks a physical keyboard, the multi-touch screen renders a virtual keyboard when necessary. The iPhone functions as a camera phone (also including text messaging and visual voicemail), a portable media player (equivalent to a video iPod), and an Internet client (with email, web browsing, and Wi-Fi connectivity). Apple announced the iPhone on January 9, 2007, after months of rumours and speculation. The original iPhone was introduced in the United States on June 29, 2007 before being marketed worldwide.

· Pixar (Pixar Animation Studios) – is one of the most critically acclaimed film studios of all time. Pixar started in 1979 as the Graphics Group, a part of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm before it was bought by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in 1986. The Walt Disney Company bought Pixar in 2006.

· to merge [mə:G] (with) – (used especially about business organizations) to combine, or make two or more organizations combine, to form a single organization;

13. Rachael Ray [`reıt∫ ə l reı]. Despite having no formal training in culinary arts, Rachel Ray has made a name for herself in the food industry. With numerous shows on the Food Network, a talk show and cookbooks, high-energy Rachael doesn’t slow down. She has also appeared in magazines as well has having her own magazine debut [`deıbju:] in 2006. She knew she was a success when a website dedicated to bashing her was created.

Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

· formal training – an agreed standard of proficiency, acquired by study in academic institutions;

· culinary [`kAlın ə ri] arts – the system of rules or principles governing, relating to, or used in the kitchen or in cookery;

· Food Network – is a television specialty channel that airs specials and recurring (episodic) programs about food and cooking. The network is seen in more than ninety million households. Food Network was founded on November 23, 1993 as TV Food Network; its legal name is still Television Food Network, G.P. Within a few years, the network had shortened its on-air brand name.

· debut [`deıbju:] – the first public appearance of an actor, musician, etc., or the first public presentation of a show;

· bashing [`bæ∫ıŋ] – severe public criticism;

14. Ty Warner. Sole owner, CEO, and Chairman of Ty, Inc., Ty Warner is a savvy, yet private business man. Ty, Inc., made $700 million in a single year with the Beanie [`bi:ni] Babies craze without spending money on advertising! He has since expanded to include Ty Girlz dolls, directly competing with Bratz dolls.

Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

· Ty, Inc. – is an American plush animal company based in Westmont, Illinois. By far their most famous line of products are the Beanie Babies, but Ty also manufactures other lines of stuffed toys. The Ty logo is a red heart with the lower-case letters “ty.” A tag in this shape is found affixed to all Ty stuffed toys, and inside each tag is the name of the ty and a 4 line poem about it.

· savvy [`sævi] – having practical knowledge or understanding of something; knowing a lot about something and able to make good judgments about it;

· private (businessman) – not talking to other people about his personal life and his feelings;

· the Beanie [`bi:ni] Babies – stuffed animals made by Ty Inc., which was founded by Ty Warner. The original nine Beanie Babies launched in 1993 were Legs the Frog, Squealer the Pig, Spot the Dog, Flash the Dolphin, Splash the Whale, Chocolate the Moose, Patti the Platypus, Brownie the Bear (later renamed “Cubbie”) and Punchers the Lobster (later renamed “Pinchers”). The line became a phenomenon in the late 1990s when Beanie Babies became both a fad and a collectible. Ty decided to stop making Beanies in 1999; however, consumer demand made Ty Warner change his mind. He continues to run Ty Inc. and design new Beanie Babies to this day.

· craze [kreız] – a short-lived current fashion; a wild or exaggerated enthusiasm; something that suddenly becomes very popular, but for only a short time;

· Ty Girlz dolls – are soft-sculpt dolls that are dressed in the latest trend-setting fashions that can be mixed and matched, and each outfit is completed with complimentary earrings, necklaces and bracelets. Ty Girlz have soft realistic hair that can be easily combed and made into many different styles. Each doll has its own signature colour. Each Ty Girl comes with an individual scratch-off secret code which enables the collector to unlock the 3-D virtual world. Here girls can chat, play games, listen to music and just “hang out” in a forum that’s both fun and safe for kids.

· Bratz dolls – is a popular line of fashion dolls and related merchandise designed by Carter Bryant and manufactured by southern California toy company MGA Entertainment. The four original dolls – Cloe, Jade, Sasha, and Yasmin – are teenagers distinguished by large heads and skinny bodies, almond-shaped eyes adorned with eyeshadow, and lush, glossy lips.

15. Frank Lloyd Wright[fræŋk lOıd rait] (1869-1959). Having never attended high school, Frank Lloyd Wright surpassed all odds when he became the most influential architect of the twentieth century. Wright designed more than 1,100 projects with about half actually being built. His designs have inspired numerous architects to look at the beauty around them and add to it.

Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:

· to surpass [s ə`pα:s ] – to be better or greater than something else; to be even better than what was expected or hoped for;

· odds – the chances of something happening;

Of course, just because these people made it does not of course mean that most people can do without a college degree. If you’ve got an entrepreneurial spirit, the degree is just a backup.

Task 24. Answer the questions.

1. Did all successful entrepreneurs need college education?

2. Which company uses saleswomen who sell directly to customers?

3. In Mary Cay Inc. the most successful saleswomen are given pink Cadillacs, aren’t they?

4. What is Richard Branson best known for?

5. Why is Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson often seen as different from the typical businessman?

6. What does the abbreviation LBD stand for?

7. What product(s) kept the name of Gabrielle Coco Chanel famous?

8. Which British music and television producer is sometimes called Mr Nasty or Judge Dread? Why?

9. Who became the most profitable PC manufacturer in the world?

10. Who was Fox Broadcasting Company started by?

11. When did Walt Disney start his own company?

12. What is the annual revenue of the Walt Disney Company these days?

13. How did Debbie Fields become the most successful cookie company owner?

14. Who developed the idea of the assembly line?

15. When did Henry Ford start to make cars?

16. What car “put America on wheels”?

17. Which company did William Henry Gates III found in 1975? What is the origin of the name of the company?

18. What is America’s best-loved chocolate brand?

19. What brand of portable media players was designed and launched by Apple Inc. on October 23, 2001 (2001-10-23)?

20. How has Rachel Ray made a name for herself in the food industry?

21. Is it possible to make $700 million in a single year without spending money on advertising? How do accomplishments of Ty, Inc. illustrate this phenomenon?

22. Who became the most influential architect of the twentieth century?

Task 25. Match the names of above successful entrepreneurs (column A) with their respective accomplishments (column B).

A

B

1.Mary Kay Ash 2. Richard Branson 3. Coco Chanel 4. Simon Cowell 5. Michael Dell 6. Barry Diller 7. Walt Disney 8. Debbi Fields 9. Henry Ford 10. Bill Gates 11. Milton Hershey 12. Steve Jobs 13. Rachael Ray 14. Ty Warner 15.Frank Lloyd Wright

a)became a famous television producer; b)became the most influential architect of the twentieth century; c)became the most profitable PC manufacturer in the world; d)became the most successful cookie company owner; e)co-founded Apple Computers; f)excelled in cosmetics business; g)has made a name for herself in the food industry; h)is a savvy, yet private businessman who made a multimillion profit without spending money on advertising; i)is best known for his thrill seeking spirit and outrageous business tactics; j)is the most influential animator; k)revolutionized the auto-making industry; l)started Fox Broadcasting Company; m)started his own chocolate company which produced the first nationally marketed chocolate; n)started the largest computer software company; o)succeeded in the fashion world and gave her name to a famous perfume;

Task 26. Match the passages in the text (Task 21) with their topics. Write the number of respective paragraphs on the line.

1.	____	A British music and television producer sometimes called Mr Nasty or Judge Dread;
2.	____	a broadcasting company started by a college dropout;
3.	____	a co-founder of the company famous for innovative products such as the iPod, iTunes, and most recently the iPhone;
4.	____	a creative businesswoman who influenced 20^th century fashion;
5.	____	a person who made $700 million in a single year without spending money on advertising;
6.	____	an engineer and businessman whostarted the assembly line production, revolutionalizing the auto-making industry;
7.	____	a well known brand created by a woman;
8.	____	a woman who has made a name for herself in the food industry having no formal training in culinary arts;
9.	____	a young 20 year old housewife with no business experience, who became the most successful cookie company owner;
10.	____	an extravagant owner of 360 companies;
11.	____	the founder of the company producing the first nationally marketed chocolate in the USA;
12.	____	the inventor of Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck;
13.	____	the most influential architect of the 20^th century;
14.	____	the most profitable PC manufacturer in the world;
15.	____	the philanthropist ranked as the world’s richest person from 1995-2006.

Task 27. Choose proper verbs to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.

1. Mary Kay Ash successfully _____ a brand known throughout the world.

A. designed;	B. engineered;	C. created;

2. Richard Branson is a British businessman who _____ the Virgin companies.

A. invented;	B. started;	C. evolved;

3. Coco Chanel _____ the little black dress.

A. engineered;	B. invented;	C. founded;

4. Gabrielle Coco Chanel was determined to _____ herself, and threw out innovative ideas.

A. invent;	B. design;	C. engineer;

5. Walt Disney is a US film producer who _____ his own company in the 1920s.

A. started;	B. innovated;	C. invented;

6. Walt Disney _____ some of the best-known cartoon characters, including Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck.

A. invented;	B. pioneered;	C. designed;

7. Walt Disney _____ many nature films and adventure films for children.

A. designed;	B. invented;	C. made;

8. Henry Ford _____ the idea of the assembly line.

A. founded;	B. developed;	C. invented;

9. Henry Ford _____the famous Model T Ford, and became one of the US’s richest and most successful businessmen.

A. launched;	B. founded;	C. invented;

10. The Ford Motor Company_____ Model T Fordfrom 1908 through 1927.

A. produced;	B. designed;	C. engineered;

11. The Ford Model T car was _____ by Childe Harold Wills and two Hungarian immigrants Joseph A. Galamb and Eugene Farkas.

A. designed;	B. launched;	C. founded;

12. The Ford Motor Company was _____ in a converted factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace Dodge.

A. launched;	B. evolved;	C. designed;

13. Henry Ford was 40 years old when he _____ the Ford Motor Company.

A. founded;	B. engineered;	C. pioneered;

14. William Henry Gates III (known as Bill Gates) and Paul Allen _____ Microsoft in New Mexico in 1975.

A. founded;	B. innovated;	C. invented;

15. In 1900, Milton S. Hershey _____ the recipe for what would become a great American classic.

A. founded;	B. developed;	C. designed;

16. Apple Computers (Apple Inc.)is an American multinational corporation that _____ and manufactures consumer electronics and software products.

A. invents;	B. launches;	C. designs;

17. iPhone is an Internet-connected, multimedia smartphone designed and _____ by Apple Inc.

A. marketed;	B. invented;	C. founded;

18. The original iPhone was _____ in the United States on June 29, 2007 before being marketed worldwide.

A. invented;	B. engineered;	C. introduced;

19. Rachel Ray has _____ a name for herself in the food industry.

A. launched;	B. made;	C. started;

20. A special website dedicated to bashing Rachael Ray was _____.

A. created;	B. innovated;	C. marketed;

21. Food Network was _____ on November 23, 1993 as TV Food Network.

A. founded;	B. designed;	C. invented;

22. Ty, Inc., _____ $700 million in a single year with the Beanie Babies craze without spending money on advertising.

A. launched;	B. made;	C. pioneered;

23. The first nine Beanie Babies were _____ in 1993.

A. founded;	B. engineered;	C. launched;

24. Bratz dolls is a popular line of fashion dolls and related merchandise _____ by Carter Bryant and manufactured by southern California toy company MGA Entertainment.

A. designed;	B. founded;	C. engineered;

25. Frank Lloyd Wright _____ more than 1,100 projects with about half actually being built.

A. designed;

B. invented;

C. founded.

Task 28. Translate into English.

1. Багатьом успішним підприємцям не знадобилася вища освіта. 2. Мері Кей Еш створила всесвітньо відомий бренд. 3. На сьогодні майже півмільйона жінок відкрили свій бізнес і продають косметику Мері Кей. 4. Заснована в 1902 році, автомобільна компанія Кадилак була названа на честь засновника міста Детройт. 5. Ричард Бренсон найбільш відомий тим, що є любителем гострих відчуттів, а також своєю жорсткою бізнес тактикою. 6. Сер Ричард Чарльз Ніколас Бренсон не схожий на типового бізнесмена, оскільки відростив довге волосся і не носить ділові костюми. 7. Парфуми Шанель № 5 названі на честь відомої французької жінки-дизайнера. 8. Коко Шанель розробила дизайн невеликої чорної сукні, яка вважається обов’язковою частиною гардеробу будь-якої жінки. 9. Британський музичний і телевізійний продюсер Саймон Кауел відомий тим, що грубить учасникам телевізійних пісенних конкурсів. 10. Майкл Делл розпочав власний бізнес з 1 тисячею доларів у кишені, складаючи у кімнаті університетського гуртожитку комп’ютери. 11. Уолт Дісней винайшов декілька з найбільш відомих мультиплікаційних героїв. 12. Компанія Уолта Діснея має сьогодні щорічний дохід у 30 мільярдів доларів. 13. Двадцятирічна домогосподарка Дербі Філдз, не маючи досвіду ділової діяльності, стала найбільш успішною власницею компанії з виготовлення домашнього печива. 14. У віці 16 років Генрі Форд пішов з дому і став помічником машиніста. 15. Форд розвинув ідею конвеєра. 16. Компанія Форд пережила період Великої депресії. 17. Назву компанії Майкрософт запропонував Біл Гейтс у листі до свого партнера по бізнесу Пола Аллена. 18. Засновники компанії Майкрософт є відомими філантропами. 19. У 1900 році Мільтон Хеші розробив рецепт молочного шоколаду, що згодом стане американською класикою. 20. Стів Джобз розробив перший персональний комп’ютер Епл. 21. Рейчел Рей зрозуміла, що досягла успіху, коли було створено вебсайт для її публічної критики. 22. Тай Уорнер – кмітливий і водночас потайливий бізнесмен, який за один рік заробив 700 мільйонів доларів, не потративши гроші на рекламу. 23. Френк Ллойд Райт перевершив усі сподівання, ставши найбільш впливовим архітектором 20 століття. 24. Більшість людей не можуть обійтися без диплома про вищу освіту. 25. Якщо ви володієте духом підприємництва, диплом є лише допоміжним засобом.

Task 29. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

The lives of the above mentioned successful entrepreneurs (Task 23) prove that …

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