Text 2 crime

The criminal law is typically enforced by the government.

Model: The government typically enforces the criminal law.

Exercise 1.5 Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

Exercise 1.4 Read the text again and write out the synonyms for the following words and word combinations.

1. Penal law –

2. Damage –

3. Penalty –

4. Prohibited –

5. Human being –

6. Disagreement -

7. To be imprisoned -

8. Responsible –

9. Control –

10. Behaviour –

1) Criminal Law/ Civil Law is the branch of law that defines crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for their probation/punishment.

2) A Criminal Code / Execution is a compilation of government laws that outline a nation’s laws regarding criminal offenses, and the maximum and minimum punishments that courts can suit / impose upon offenders when such crimes are committed (for example: vandalism, retail theft, theft of property etc.)

3) A tort / Crime is a civil wrongcommitted against an individual; a tort / crime, on the other hand, is regarded as an offense committed against the public, even though only one individual may have been wronged.

4) It’ll be some weeks before your offence / case comes to trial.

5) A penalty / supervision is legal or official punishment for committing a crime or other offense, e.g. a fine or imprisonment.

Exercise 1.6 Give English equivalents from the text for the following word combinations:

1) Кримінальне право –

2) Кримінальний кодекс –

3) Злочин –

4) Правопорушення –

5) Покарання –

6) Призначати покарання –

7) Загрожувати покаранням –

8) Запобігати злочину -

9) Тілесні ушкодження –

10) Забороняти –

11) Втрата свободи –

12) Нагляд –

13) Умовне покарання –

14) Типові злочини –

15) Призвести до шкідливих наслідків –

16) Бути схильним до чогось –

17) Бути ув’язненим –

18) Порушення громадського порядку –

Exercise 1.7 Transform the sentences in Active Voice into the sentences in Passive Voice according to the model:

1) Private parties usually enforce the civil law.

2) They classify this act as a crime.

3) In a criminal case the state initiates the suit.

4) In a civil case the victim brings the suit.

5) They may incarcerate persons convicted of a crime.

Exercise 2.1 Study different types of crime:

1) armed robbery	1) пограбування з використанням зброї
2) arson	2) підпал
3) assassination	3) наймане політичне убивство
4) assault	4) напад з метою пограбування
5) bigamy	5) бігамія
6) blackmail	6) шантаж
7) bribery and corruption	7) хабарництво та корупція
8) burglary	8) крадіжка зі зломом
9)drug pushing/ peddling	9) розповсюдження наркотиків
10) drug trafficking	10) торгівля наркотиками
11) espionage	11) шпигунство
12)forgery	12) підробка
13)fraud	13) обман
14)hijacking	14) викрадення літака
15)homicide	15) убивство
16)kidnapping	16) викрадення людей
17)manslaughter	17) ненавмисне вбивство
18)mugging	18) розбійний напад
19)petty theft	19) дрібна крадіжка
20)pick pocketing	20) кишенькове злодійство
21)rape	21) зґвалтування
22)shoplifting	22) крамничне злодійство
23)smuggling	23) контрабанда
24)speeding	24) перевищення швидкості
25)terrorism	25) тероризм
26)treason	26) державна зрада
27)trespassing	27) протиправне порушення володіння із завданням шкоди
28)vandalism	28) вандалізм
29)weapon assault	29) озброєний напад
30)theft	30) крадіжка
31)money laundering	31) відмивання грошей

Exercise 2.2 Read and translate the text:

Crime violates the laws of a community, state or nation. It is punishable in accordance with these laws. The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most countries consider as crimes such offences as arson, bigamy, burglary, forgery, murder, and treason.

Not all offences against the law are crimes. The laws that set down the punishments for crimes form the criminal law. This law defines as crime those offences considered most harmful to the community. On the other hand, a person may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the civil law.

The common law recognizes three classes of crime: treason, felony, and misdemeanor. Death or life imprisonment is the usual penalty for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define a felony as a crime that is punishable by a term of one year or more in a state or federal prison. A person who commits a misdemeanor may be punished by a fine or a jail term of less than one year.

Exercise 2.3 Complete the missing words in the sentences:

(Fine, misdemeanor, prison, term, penalty, life imprisonment, felony, classes, person, civil, community, criminal law, treason, bigamy, forgery, offences, state, laws, counties, crimes)

Crime violates the laws of a community, 1) ____ or nation. It is punishable in accordance with these 2) _____. The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most 3) ______ consider as crimes such 4) _____ as arson, 5) _____ burglary, 6) _____, murder, and 7) ______.

Not all offences against the law are 8) ______. The laws that set down the punishments for crimes form the 9) ______. This law defines as crime those offences considered most harmful to the 10) ______. On the other hand, a 11) _____ may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the 12) _____ law.

The common law recognizes three 13) ______ of crime: treason,14) _____, and misdemeanor. Death or 15) ______ is the usual 16) _____ for treason. Laws in the United States, for example, define a felony as a crime that is punishable by a 17) _____ of one year or more in a state or federal 18) _____. A person who commits a 19) _____ may be punished by a 20) _____ or a jail term of less than one year.

Exercise 2.4 Match the type of crime with its definition:

1. Trespass	a) performing a sexual act in exchange for money
2. White-collar crime	b) intentional attempt or threat to injure another person that causes them to reasonably expect to be harmed
3. Prostitution	c) unlawful invasion of the person, property or rights of another
4. Misdemeanor	d) setting fire to something in a criminal way
5. Assault	e) non-violent offences usually committed by business people or government officials, typically property crimes and economic crimes
6. Arson	f) taking something illegally to another country
7. Smuggling	g) taking a person hostage in exchange for money
8. Kidnapping	h) petty offence, a crime less serious than a felony
9. Burglary	i) killing someone
10. Murder	j) stealing something from someone’s home.

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03