Ответьте на вопросы. Подготовьте краткие сообщения на следующие темы

3.1.

Unit 3.

Подготовьте краткие сообщения на следующие темы. Используйте слова и словосочетания.

Ways into Military

Заполните следующую таблицу.

Military Academy ROTC OCS

Basic Combat Training

focuses on focuses on is a program

for

includes

	Advanced Individual Training

includes

1. BCT (undergo, take a medical test, train recruits, 9-week period, includes).

2. AIT (undergo, includes, focuses on, is taught).

3. USMA (offer a college degree, focuses on, require,).

4. ROTS (college-based, are qualified, trains, focuses o/).

4. OCS (training program, earn commissions, includes).

1) Прочитайте текст, обратите внимание на выделенные слова. Запомните перевод следующих слов:

however – тем не менее;

although – хотя;

in addition – в дополнение;

on the one hand – с одной стороны;

on the other – с другой стороны;

despite – несмотря на;

since – так как.

A REGULAR ARMY?

When political and military leaders ask What sort of an army will we need for the 21^st Century?, the most common answer is A fully professional army. Regular armies may be a good solution for large rich countries. However, this solution is not always the best for smaller nations, especially countries with a developing economy.

The first problem is cultural and social. Although a number of countries have a long tradition of voluntary service, in some societies the idea of a professional mercenary army is not widely accepted. A second problem is cost. Although there may be a high social cost of taking a young man out of education or work, conscript soldiers are quite cheap. The conscript accepts a lower standard of living, he is unaccompanied by his family and he needs little support. The regular soldier, by comparison, is expensive. He must be paid at rates similar to the commercial world and be provided with housing and other social support. Although, a country might be capable of supporting a very large conscription-based army, it might only be able to afford a very small regular force. For many countries, this will have important consequences for their national defense.

A further problem has to do with readiness and small unit cohesion. Since they get little leave, conscripts are always available for service. Regular soldiers, however, require longer leave periods and will frequently be away, either on leave or on training courses. In addition, many conscript-based militaries use unit rotation and replacement which results in high readiness and unit cohesion once units are formed and fully trained. Many regular professional militaries, on the other hand, employ individual rotation and replacement. This system means a continuous movement of personnel into and out of units and can reduce small unit cohesion and affect readiness.

In addition, many professional forces have problems in getting soldiers to stay on. For example, the British Army, despite paying high salaries to regular soldiers, has many problems getting them to re-enlist after five years of service.

2) Заполните пропуски в предложениях следующими словами:

However, although, in addition, on the one hand, despite.

1. Regular armies may be a good solution for large rich countries ffffffffff this solution is not always the best for smaller nations.

2. fffffffff many countries have a long tradition of voluntary service, in some societies the idea of a professional army is not accepted.

3. Conscripts soldiers are cheap, fffffff f there may be a high social cost of taking a young man out of education.

4. fff ffffff conscripts get little leave they are always available for service.

5. Regular soldiers fffff ffff require longer leave periods.

6. fffff ffff conscripts use unit rotation and replacement.

7. Regular soldiers ffff fffff use individual rotation and replacement.

8. ff ffffffff many professional forces have problems in getting soldiers to stay on.

9. The British Army has many problems getting soldiers to re-enlist fffff fff paying high salaries.

1. Why do some societies reject the idea of professional armed forces?

2. Why are conscript soldiers cheaper than regulars?

3. Why do conscription-based forces have fewer problems with readiness and unit cohesion?

4. What is the negative effect of individual rotation in professional armies?

Дата добавления: 2014-12-25