History of medicine in Ukraine

The history of medicine in Ukraine begins with the history of folk medicine. The first medical hospitals in Kyiv Rus were founded in the 11 th century and were mostly in the form of alms houses attached to churches.

In the 14th and 15th centuries new hospitals were built and many physicians gave the first aid to the inhabitants of Ukraine and the sol­diers of Bogdan Khmelnytsky's troops.

As the number of physicians was inadequate some medical schools which trained specialists were opened. The first higher educational establishment was Kyiv-Mogylyansk Academy which was founded in 1632. It played a prominent role in the development of the Ukrainian medicine. Many graduates of the Academy continued to enrich their knowledge abroad and received their doctors' de­grees there. Many former students of this Academy have become the well-known scientists. They are the epidemiologist D. S. Samoilovych, the obstetrician N, M. Ambodyk-Maximovych, the pediatrician S. F. Chotovytsky, the anatomist 0. M. Shumlyansky and many others.

At the end of the I8th and during the 19th centuries the medical departments were formed at the Universities of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv and Odesa. Since then the total number of physicians has increased in Ukraine.

During the Crimean War (1854-1856), on own Pirogov's initiative the first detachment of nurses was trained and sent to Sevastopol to help its defenders. It gave the beginning of the organization "Red Cross".

In 1886 the first bacteriological station was organized in Odesa. It was of great importance in the development of microbiology and epidemiology. The great scientists I. I. Mechnikov and M. F. Gamaliya worked at this station and succeeded much in their investigations. I.I.Mechnikov (1845 – 1916) is a world famous biologist, bacteriologist, immunologist and pathologist. He is one of the founders of evolutionary embriology and microbiology.He created the phagocyte theory of immunity for which he got Nobel prize in 1908.Despite of favorable conditions for the successful development of natural sciences in Russia many outstanding scientists worked in Ukraine. It is known that the brilliant scientist M. I. Pirogov and his followers, such as V. O. Karavayev, O. F. Shimanovsky, M. V. Sklifosovsky and others made valuable contribution to the Ukrainian medicine.

The first president of Medical Academy in Ukraine was Daniil Kyrylovych Zabolotny (1866-1929), a prominent Ukrainian epidemiologist and microbiologist. He was the first in the world to create the department of epidemiology and was the first rector of Odesa Medical Academy (1920). Scientific interests of Zabolotny concerned different problems of epidemiology. His follower academician O.Bogomolets (1881 – 1946) was the founder of the Institute of Experimental Biology and Physiology of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He created a doctrine about physiological system of connective tissue and paid great attention to gerontology.The famous scientists V. P. Obraztsov and M. D. Strazhesko were founders of Kyiv therapeutic school. They made a huge progress in the field of cardiology. A great deal was done in the treatment of many eye diseases by the prominent scientist, ophthalmologist academician V. P. Filatov (1875 – 1956) who founded the Institute of Eye diseases in Odesa..

Many other outstand­ing scientists whose names are well known in the world worked in Ukraine.

POST – TEXT ASSINGMENTS

Exercise 9. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations and make up 5 sentences with them

Оказывать первую помощь, готовить специалистов, обогащать знания, общее количество, по собственной инициативе, несмотря на, благоприятные условия, успешное развитие, естественные науки, ценный вклад, учение, многое, обратить внимание на что-либо

Exercise 10. Answer the questions:

1.What does the history of medicine in Ukraine begin with?

2.When were the first medical hospitals founded in Kyiv?

3.What form were the first Kyiv hospitals in?

4.When were new hospitals built?

5.Whom did many physicians give the first aid to?

6.When was Kyiv-Mogylyansk Academy founded?

7.Where did many physicians receive their doctors' degrees?

8.What former students of the Academy have become the well-known scientists?

9.What Universities were the medi­cal departments founded at?

10.What medicine was widely used at that time?

11.When was the first detachment of nurses traine

12.When and where was the first bacteriological station organized?

13.Who was the first president of Medical Academy in Ukraine and the first rector of Odesa Medical Academy?

14.What did academician O.Bogomolets found?

15.What names of Ukrainian outstanding doctors do you know? What are they famous for?

Exercise 11. Say is it false or true:

The history of medicine in Ukraine begins in 1991._______________

The first medical hospitals were founded in the 13^th century in Kyiv Rus.____________

In the 14^th century new hospitals were built to give the first aid to Bogdan Khmelnytsky’s troops._________________

The first higher educational establishment was Kyiv national Academy.____________

Kyiv-Mogylyansk Academy was founded in 1832.__________________

I.I.Mechnikov was the founder of the first bacteriological station in Odessa.________________

D.K.Zabolotny was the first rector of Odesa Medical Academy._______________

Odesa Medical Academy was founded in 1820._________________

Interests of academician O.Bogomolets concerned different problems of epidemiology._________________

At first the Institute of Eye diseases was founded in Kyiv.___________

Exercise 12. Put special questions to the following sentences:

1.The nurse cares for these children. 2. Yesterday I read a medical article. 3. The professor asked my friend a question. 4. We attended lectures in Biology on Mondays. 5. The third-year students had practice at the therapeutic department. 6. I will go to my relatives on holidays. 7. There are different scientific societies at our university.

Exercise 13. What do you know about:

Kyiv-Mogylyansk Academy;

N.I. Pirogov;

I.I.Mechnikov;

D.K.Zabolotnyy;

V.P. Filatov.

Exercise 14. Give summary of the text.

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