Пояснения к тексту

RYE

Text В

Rye seems to be rather a new crop as compared with wheat and barley. Specialists consider rye to have been found first as a weed in wheat in central Europe. Then it was separated from the wheat and used as a new crop. It seems to have been cultivated first in western. Asia and southern Russia.

Soil requirements of rye are not as exacting (взыска­тельный) as those of other small grains. It is more pro­ductive on infertile, sandy, or acid soils than wheat, oats, or barley. Hye often is the only small-grain crop that can be grown successfully on sandy soils, but it grows best being sown in a well-prepared, firm seedbed.

There exist both winter and spring varieties of rye. However, the latter are less productive than the former and are grown to only a limited extent. Spring rye should be sown at the time spring wheat is seeded, i.e., when the ground can be worked. The time of seeding winter rye will depend on the use to be made of the crop.

The usual depth of seeding is from 1/2 to 2 inches. The depth will vary with the type of soil and season. On sandy soils and in dry seasons the seed should be placed deeper; Better results are usually obtained from seeding with the drill than from broadcasting the seed. The former method is almost universally practised.

Rye is harvested in the same manner as other small grains.

ХVШ. Расположите вопросы в виде плана к тексту и ответьте на них (по-английски) (устно).

1.What does the depth of seeding rye depend on?

2.On what roils can rye he successfully grown?

3. What rye varieties are more productive?

LESSOH 18

Грамматика и лексика:

1. Инфинитивные конструкции (повторение).

2. Конверсия (повторение).

Значения глагола "to mean" и существительного "means"

Задание на дом №1

1. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова, и.переведите предложения (устно).

1.They must change the rate of application of commercial fertilizer to this soil. 2. Any change in the rate of seed­ing will influence the yield. 3. These varieties of rye yield morе under the climatic conditions of our region. 4. The amount of farm produce should he increased. 5. The farm we have just visited produces mostly cereals, while the produce of the neighbouring farm is vegetables. 6. Biennial plants produce seeds only the second year. 7. The root branches of this plant may penetrate to the depth of 30 feet or more, depending on the soil. 8. The root of this plant branches in all directions. 9. Water these plants abundantly and you wili get the same results as we did. 10. In our country lrrlge.tion is practised on a large scale in areas, which suffer from the deficiency of water.

II. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитивные конструкции (устно).

1.We expect this method to give the best results in grow­ing sugar beets. 2. Many factors are important for this crop to give the highest yield. 3. Wheat seems to yield more when it is preceded by a soil improving crop. 4. The agronomist considers this soil to have been plowed deep enough. 5. For this soil to be more fertile one should apply manure. 6. Large farms are known to have greater advantage in the use of machinery.

III. Найдите в тексте A:

1) сложное подлежащее (2,4,5 и б абзацы);

2) сложнее дополнение (3-й абзац);

3) оборот, которому в русском языке соответствует выражение "чем.... тем" (4-й абзац);

4) инфинитив в функции определения (4-й абзац).

1У. Переведите текст (устно). Отработайте в лаборатории чтение текста А (лабораторная работа № I).\

Text А

WHEAT (PART II)

Wheat is best adapted to fertile medium or heavy textu­red soils that are well drained. Silt and clay loams gene­rally produce the highest wheat yields, but it does not mean, that wheat cannot be grown successfully on either clay soils or fine sandy loams.

Wheat grows best when it is sown in a well-prepared, firm, mellow seedbed that is relatively free of weeds, Sufficient moisture should be present to insure promt ger­mination and a good growth of the young plants. The time

and method of seedbed preparation is determined largely by the prevailing moisture conditions, the crop that wheat follows in the rotation and whether wheat is to be sown in spring or fall. Early plowing is an essential factor in se­curing more grain per hectare. An early prepared soil is known to conserve moisture much better than the one prepa­red late.

We know a relatively,shallow seeding of 1 to 1.5 inches to produce good stands in areas and in years when sufficient moisture is available at seeding time. Seed sown in dry soil should be drilled from 2 to 3 inches deep.

The rate of seeding wheat is considered to be a very complicated problem. One must take into consideration* cli­mate and soil conditions, the time of seeding wheat, the quality and germinating power of seed to be sown, the method of sowing to be applied, etc. The seeding rate both for win-tar and spring varieties ranges from 3 to 10 pecks per acre, depending on the factors mentioned above. In general, the lower the rainfall, the lower will be the optimum rate of seeding.

Most of the wheat grown is sown with a drill. Broad-cast seeding, the oldest and simplest method, is used in regions where modem practices have not been introduced. Sowing with a drill is believed to have important advantages over the broadcast method. The rate and depth of sowing and the distribution of the seed are more accurate and uniform, and less seed is required. Better stands, more uniform maturity and higher yields are thus obtained. The modern

­drill sows seeds in rows at the required rate and depth and also covers them.

Practically al" wheat grown is harvested by neans of combining.- In general, wheat is probably better adapted to direct combining than any of the other small grains. It is highly important to harvect wheat at the time that will in­sure the greatest yield of h5.gh quality. Wheat is considered to be ready for combine harvesting when the moisture content of the grain is 14 per cent or less.

1) heavy-textured soil - почва с тяжелым механическим

составом;

2) free of weeds - без сорняков;

3) to take into consideration - принимать во внимание.

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