Ex. 9. Underline noun+noun word combinations with one line, and adjective+noun word combinations with two lines. Organize information in three columns: N+N, Adj+N, Others

N+N

Adj + N

Others

eleven time zones, treeless tundra, principal water way, wooden fortress, enormous wealth, military advance, territorial gains, chaotic epoch, heavy defeat, state service, compulsory military service, mountain chain, world market, smoking volcanoes, nuclear waste, spiritual center, major transport root, industrial boom, art treasures, annual fair, major junction, Cossack wintering fortress, independent state, total area, radical change, immense differences, ancient overland trade route.

Ex. 10. Listen to, then read and translate sentences with new words. Pay attention to the Proper Names of the Russian unique realities.

1. Russia stretches across both Europe and Asia spanning almost 10 thousand kilometers with 11 time zones.

2. According to early Russian chronicals the name Rus’ was given to the distant land of the Eastern Slavs in the ninth century.

3. The first mention of Moscow appears in the chronicles for 1147 nearly a century before the Mongol-Tatar invasion.

4. After marrying Sophia Paleologus, a niece of the last Byzantine [baɪ'zæntaɪn] emperor, Ivan the Great adopted the prestigious Byzantine emblem of the double-headed eagle.

5. With Ivan the Terrible Russia had gained control of the whole of Volga region and Bashkiria opening the way along the Kama River to Siberia with its enormous wealth of furs and mineral resources.

6. The military advance into Siberia began with the campaign [kæm'peɪn] of Yermak, the headman of the Cossacks who defeated the last Tatar defenses.

7. Peter the Great was a giant among his contemporaries and a man of genius who tried to refurbish (=modernize) his country and raise it to the first rank of European powers.

8. The city of Saint Petersburg, was founded by Peter the Great in 1703 at a great speed not only as a harbour for the Russian Fleet or a fortress but as a spiritual centre and the capital of the new European Russia.

Ex. 11. Complete the sentences from the list below. Listen and check.

1. There are 6 vegetation zones which ________ across the country.

2. The three mighty Siberian rivers: Ob’, Lena, Yenisei are ________ to the Nile and the Amazon among the world’s longest rivers.

3. The Urals, the mountain chain dividing the European and Asian parts of Russia, are ________ for their valuable minerals and gemstones.

4. Russia encompasses with its territory ________ differences in climate, economic conditions and cultural traditions.

5. After 1870 the fast railway engineering in Russia was stimulated by ________ which made the country the world’s largest oil and iron producer by 1903.

6. Entering the world market ________ from Russian economics the creation of effective management in industry and agriculture.

7. It is there, in Altai, where N. Rerich located his famous and mysterious land “Shambola”, which is still a subject of many headed discussions and is being still ________.

8. Autonomous Republic of Karelia is known as the _____________land of over 40 000 lakes.

severe, fаmous, demands, comparable, immense, stretch, industrial boom, searched for

Ex. 12. Read the text trying to understand the unknown words in bold.

Russia occupies a sizable part of the European and Asian continent. The vast territory of the country can be divided into several traditional economic regions. The Northern Economical Region stretches over a vast land from Finland to the Urals along the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the most sparsely populated area of European Russia. The territory had been settled by the 15^th century along the great North-flowing rivers. In the 15^th century the Solovetsry Monastery was founded on the White Sea coast. The main trading town was Novgorod the Great on the River Volkhov, founded in 859. Until the 15^th century the town was a republic governed by an assembly of citizens. St Petersburg, the former capital of the Russian Empire, is a major river and sea port and railway terminal of the Region. On the shores of lake Ladoga is the city of Petrozavodsk, administrative centre of Autonomous Republic of Karelia, the severe land of over 40 000 lakes.

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