Phonetic Transcription

Phonemic Transcription

Phonemic transcription uses a restricted set of symbols to capture the meaningful sound contrasts of a language.

The first sound in these words are usually aspirated, but as English does not contrast aspirated vs unaspirated plosives (phonemically) the difference is not annotated in a phonemic transcription.

Phonetic transcription uses a larger set of symbols to capture more phonetic detail relating to the actual production of the utterance.

There are two types of phonetic transcription: - broad phonetic transcription
- narrow phonetic transcription

Narrow transcription is a tool used during the phonetic transcription process. In phonetic transcription, written symbols are used to represent spoken words or sounds. These symbols are derived from the international phonetic alphabet, (IPA) which is the most widely used transcription language in the world. In a narrow transcription, the writer attempts to capture as much detail about the sound as possible. Rather than simply trying to capture the word itself, the transcriber is focused on how the sounds were produced.

Phonetic transcription can be divided into two basic categories, which include both broad and narrow transcription. In a broad transcription, the writer ignores the details and focuses on what words were used, rather than how they were pronounced. Broad transcriptions may be identical for two people who speak the same series or words, as the transcription will not reflect individual accents, pronunciation, and speech patterns.

Narrow transcription captures as many details as possible about the spoken words. In addition to noting the words themselves, the transcriber notes how each sounded, and how the speaker formed each sound. This is accomplished through the use of diacritics, or special symbols used in conjunction with the IPA. Diacritics allow the transcriber to capture unique differences in pronunciation, such as a pause between letters, a nasally quality or a missed letter. They also capture the placement of the tongue, lips, and teeth as each sound is pronounced.

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