Assignment 2. Choose the correct variant

Assignment 1. Change the following sentences a) into the past, b) into the future, using the given time expressions.

І. Expressing ability

Для того, щоб висловити вміння, здатність, спроможність (ability) виконати дію використовуються модальні дієслова can, could та еквівалентні за змістом дієслова be able to, manage to.

Загальна здатність (general ability), тобто вміння виконати дію будь-коли, передається дієсловами can / could – можу, вмію, особливо з дієсловами фізичного та розумового сприйняття: see, hear, feel, understand,тощо, (в цих випадках модальні дієслова зазвичай не перекладаються).

Напр., Only people with high qualification and work experience can work here.

Здатність/спроможність/вміння виконати окрему дію (particular ability) за певних умов передається дієсловами be able to, manage to – могти, спромогтися, вдаватися у відповідному часі.

Напр., As we have enlarged our store we are able to serve more customers now. He managed to perform this task himself.

Для опису здатності/вміння в минулому використовуються форми could, was/were able to, managed to. Для опису здатності/вміння в майбутньому використовуються форми shall/will be able to, shall/will manage to.

Напр., He was able / managed to control the situation. With proper experience he will be able to /will manage to control the situation.

Заперечні форми cannot (can’t), couldn’t, та заперечні форми еквівалентних дієслів передають, відповідно, неспроможність, нездатність або невміння виконати дію.

Напр. He couldn’t control / wasn’t able to control / didn’t manage to control this difficult situation.

e.g. John can drive a car. a) when he was eighteen. b) after a few more lessons.

a) John could drive a car when he was eighteen. b) John will be able to drive a car after a few more lessons.

1. We can offer this product. a) as we had widened our assortment. b) as soon as we launch a new production line.

2. They cannot understand it. a) because he spoke very quickly. b) until you explain it properly.

3. You can meet her at the office. a) when you visited our firm last year. b) next Monday.

4. I cannot find these documents. a) when I looked for them yesterday. b) unless you file them correctly.

5. He can make everybody listen. a) as he always produced new ideas. b) if his idea is interesting.

1. I managed to/could visit a trade exhibition when I was on business in Kyiv last week. 2. Are you able to/can you hear that noise outside? 3. He wasn’t able to/couldn’t understand the company’s new policy. 4. They managed to/could raise the prices in time and didn’t suffer the loss. 5. She was ableto / could recalculate that index according to the new information she had received. 6. I’m afraid, I am not able to/can’t help you – I’m very busy at the moment. 7. Sorry, I am not able to/can’t see you today, but I can/will be able to make it next week. 8. He managed to/could attract the director’s attention to the PPI published last week.

* We add suffix - able to verbs to form adjectives with the meaning can be (done). With prefix un- these adjectives express the meaning cannot be (done). E.g. to manage + able→ manageable (one that can be managed); un + manageable → unmanageable (one that cannot be managed).

Assignment 3. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the model and translate your sentences (there may be variants).

Model: This problem can (cannot) be managed. – This problem is manageable/unmanageable. – З цією проблемою можна / не можна впоратись.

1. One can understand such situations. – Such situations are …

2. People can (cannot) drink this water. – This water is …

3. This idea can (cannot) be realized. – This idea is …

4. These parts can (cannot) be separated. – These parts are …

5. You can (cannot) count these objects. – These objects are …

6. We can (cannot) advise such a decision. – Such a decision is …

7. You can (cannot) solve this problem. – This problem is …

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