Lab work 3 Long vowels

Lab works

Closing diphthongs

Iq eq Vq eI aI OI qV aV

The closing diphthongs all end with a glide towards a closer vowel. Because the second part of the diphthong is weak, they often do not reach a position that could be called close. The important thing is that a glide from a relatively more open towards a relatively more close vowel is produced.

eI the glide begins from slightly below the close-mid front position of / e / and moves in the direction of /I/. The second part of the diphthong should be only lightly touched on, and should not reach the position of close /I/.

aI begins with an open vowel which is between front and back; it is quite similar to the / A / and moves in the direction of /I/, though the tongue is not usually raised to a level closer than for /e/. The glide for this diphthong is greater than for /eI/. The lips change from a neutral to a loosely spread position. Care should be taken not to glide to too close a position.

OI the first part has the same quality as / L / (between the open-mid and open back position) and the glide moves in the direction of /I/, generally not reaching a level closer than for the sound /e/. The lips are slightly rounded for the first element, changing to neutral for the second.

For two diphthongs ending in / V / there is a rounding movement of the lips. This movement is not a large one because the second element of the diphthong is weak.

qV the beginning is the same as for the ‘schwa’ vowel (a central position, between close-mid and open-mid). The lips may be slightly rounded waiting for the glide towards / V /. You should avoid starting the glide with a back vowel or a rounded vowel. In addition, proper prominence must be given to the first element.

aV begins with a vowel similar to / R / but a little more front and moves in the direction of /V/. Since this is an open vowel, a glide will necessitate a large movement. That’s why this glide is not completed, the end of the diphthong being between half-close and half-open in tongue height. There is only slight lip-rounding for the second element.

Exercise 1 Repetition

Listen and repeat:

J	beat [bJt]	bead [bJd]	been [bJn]	beef [bJf]
R	heart [hRt]	hard [hRd]	harm [hRm]	hearth [hRT]
L	caught [kLt]	cord [kLd]	corn [kLn]	course [kLs]
H	root [rHt]	rude [rHd]	room [rHm]	roof [rHf]
E:	hurt [hE:t]	heard [hE:d]	earn [E:n]	earth [E:T]

Exercise 2 Production

When you hear the number, pronounce the word. Repeat the correct pronunciation when you hear it.

1. heard [hE:d]	5. caught [kLt]	9. rude [rHd]
2. been [bJn]	6. heart [hRt]	10. earn [E:n]
3. root [rHt]	7. cord [kLd]
4. hearth [hRT]	8. beef [bJf]

Exercise 3 Transcription

Write the symbol for the vowel you hear in each word (1…10).

Exercise 4 Long-short vowel contrasts

Listen and repeat:

J and I	R and A	R and x	L and P
feel fill bead bid steel still reed rid been bin	calm come cart cut half huff lark luck mast must	part pat lard lad calm Cam heart hat harms hams	caught cot stork stock short shot cord cod port pot
H and V	E: and A	R and P
pool pull suit soot Luke look wooed wood fool full	hurt hut turn ton curt cut girl gull bird bud	dark dock part pot lark lock balm bomb large lodge

Exercise 5 Transcription

Write the symbol for the vowel (long or short) you hear in each word (1…10).

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