Spelling Formal Informal

Spelling Formal Informal

Spelling Formal Informal

Spelling Formal Informal

it's not exact its 'nɒt ig'zækt ts 'nɒt ig'zækt

it's close to its 'klзus tə ts 'klзus tə

it's perhaps you its pəhæps 'ju: ts pəhæps 'ju:

The consonants are also markedly different in informal conversational style according to their place of articulation. Word final consonants [t], [d], [n], sometimes [m], [s], [z] immediately followed by a velar or labial consonant undergo a sort of adaptation.

great burden 'greit bз:dn 'greip bз:dn

that man 'ðæt 'mæn 'ðæp 'mæn

American а'mеriкən ə'mеriкən

government 'g٨vnmənt 'g٨v(ə)mənt

hundred places 'h٨ndrid 'pleisiz 'h٨ndrəb 'pleisiz

taken gladly 'teikn 'glædli 'teikŋ 'glædli

Instead of the closure for the [t] a marked glottal stop [?] is also observed before the modiied plosive consonant.

Great Britain 'greit 'britn 'grei? 'pbribn

didn't go 'didnt 'gзu 'didŋ?'кзu

couldn't come 'kudnt'к٨m 'kudŋ?'к٨m

The illustrated modifications could be summarized in the following way:

[t] → [p] before [p], [m] [t] → [k] before [k]	that place ['ðæp 'pleis] that might ['ðæp 'mait] don't question ['dзuŋk 'kwest∫(ə)n]
[d] → [b] before [p], [b], [m] [d] → [g] before [k], [g]	good morning ['gub 'mɔ:niŋ] would be ['wub bi:] Good God ['gug 'gód] good cook ['gug 'kuk]
[n] → [m] before [p], [b], [m] [n] → [k] before [k], [g]	on me [ɒm 'mi:] in business [im 'biznis] in quite [in 'kwait] can get [кən 'get]

We should strongly emphasize the idea that the students are not recommended to imitate these extreme forms of the existing ways of adaptation in very rapid careless speech.

A deinite and very frequent process of assimilation is observed when [s], [z] sounds are followed by the palatal [j] in the unstressed part of the phrase. The alveolars tend to become palato-alveolar in informal conversational style.

this year 'ðis 'jiə 'ði∫ 'jiə

The palatal [j] is strong enough to affect the manner of articulation of the preceding [t], [d] sounds. In accordance with the tempo and style of speech, individual luency, number of recipients and other situational factors the assimilated segment preceding [j] may consist of several sections with gradually changing features. The process most often leads to an affricate:

would you [wudju: wud'ju wuʤu]

could you [kudju: kudtju kuʤu]

mind you [maindju: maindtju mainʤu]

can't you [ka:ntju: ka:nt∫ju ka:nt∫u]

about you [əbautju: əbaut∫ju əbаut∫u]

The elision of consonants is no less frequent process in informal speech than a vowel elision. The most common consonants involved in elision are [t] and [d]. Elision usually occurs in a syllable final sequence when the sound stands between two consonants. It is said to be more common for [t] and [d] to be elided between the other two consonants than it is for them to be pronounced.

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