American cities

The United States has many large cities throughout the country. New York is the largest of all. It is the financial centre of the country, the headquarter of the clothing industry and the publishing business. It has many schools and libraries and some fine art galleries and museums. The tallest building in the world, the Empire State Building is in New York. New York was founded by the Dutch in the 17th century. Legend says that Peter Minuit bought the whole island of Manhattan for 24 dollars. Beginning with a little Dutch settlement at the southern part of the island the city has grown, and the little colony of Dutch settlers is now a city of over 8 million people.

Two hundred miles south of New York is the city of Washington, the capital of the United States of America. There is a law against building structures more than 90 feet high in this city so it presents a different appearance from New York with its skyscrapers. The low buildings and many trees make Washington a pleasant city. Many government buildings are grouped on the land between the Capitol where Congress holds its meetings and the White House where the President lives and has his offices. There are many places of interest for the tourists: art galleries, museums, and monuments. Many people come to Washington from all over the country to see these places and to visit Mount Vernon, George Washington’s home, which is not far away.

(it presents a different appearance – по внешнему виду он отличается; skyscrapers – небоскребы; holds its meetings – проводит заседания)

Washington was chosen as the national capital when George Washington was the President. There was no city on the bank of the Potomac at this spot, although there were little ports nearby at Georgetown and Alexandria. The city was planned by a French engineer and today Washington still shows evidence of the original plan. The unpaved muddy roads of the early capital have given way to broad asphalt avenues lined with trees, the horse-drawn vehicles have given way to the cars. Still today everywhere you meet remains of the past.

(nearby – поблизости; evidence – признаки; unpaved muddy – немощеные, грязные; have given way – уступили; lined – засаженные; the horse-drawn vehicles – кареты, которые везут лошади; remains – остатки)

Chicago is the second largest city in the United States. It is built on the shore of Lake Michigan, one of the Great Lakes and is a busy inland port. Chicago is the center of the meat industry. The city is famous for its stores, the Art Institute, and museums. Built on the site of an Indian village Chicago had grown to a big port and rail center, when in 1871 it was destroyed by fire.

(famous for its – знаменит своими; rail center – ж. д. центр)

San Francisco, on the Pacific Coast in California is considered by many the most beautiful city in the USA. It has a fine natural harbour and the trade it carries on ’with other countries has given the city a cosmopolitan air. The city is built on hills which circle the harbour and face the famous Golden Gate. This city too has suffered a disaster, this time in the form of an earthquake. In 1906 an earthquake set off a fire that raged four days. Today San Francisco is a 20th century city, but the charm of early California can be felt in its narrow winding streets, its steep hills overlooking the bay.

Every American citizen as every citizen of other countries has his favourite city, the one where he grew up, the one he lives in, the one he wants to live in.

(is considered – считается; circle – окружают; face – выходит на; suffered a disaster – претерпел катастрофу; earthquake – землетрясение; rage – свирепствовать; charm – очарование; bay – залив; citizen – горожанин)

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Функции значения слов it, that, since, one, for, as. Выделение отдельных членов предложения при помощи оборота it is (was) … that. Указательное местоимение that (those) с последующим определением как заместитель существительного. Неопределенное местоимение one. One в сочетании с разными формами определения как заместитель существительного.

2. Пассивные формы (Passive Voice) в трех временах всех групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

3. Функции глаголов to be, have, to do.

4. Простые неличные формы глагола: the Infinitive в функции подлежащего, определение, дополнения и обстоятельства цели, the Gerund. Отличие Gerund от Participle 1 и отглагольного существительного.

5. Перевод на русский язык дополнительных придаточных предложений при согласовании времен в главном и придаточном предложениях. Бессоюзное подчинение.

I. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The construction of the dam was completely mechanized.

2. I saw the power station which had been described in this article.

3. Mendeleyev predicted that the vacant places in his table would be filled by yet unknown elements.

4. While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая значения слов it, that, one, as, for, since:

1. January is the first month of the year and December is the last one.

2. He must have a good rest since he has slept only a few hours.

3. Natural rubber is of higher quality than that produced artificially.

4. As I have lost my watch I can’t tell you the time.

5. I felt for many days like one in a dream.

6. It was expected that our engineer would return before the New Year.

7. It is understood that the new power plant will be soon constructed.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, имея в виду различные значения глаголов to be, have, to do:

1. We see that you are busy.

2. He went where he had intended to go.

3. The designs have to be examined and approved of by experts.

4. Do you live in the same street?

5. They say that our professor is in the laboratory.

6. He told us that he was writing an article about-Russian music.

7. I lost the book which you had given me.

8. They do their home tasks after their work is over.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание правила согласования времен и бессоюзное подчинение:

1. The young man told me that he would graduate from the Institute in two years.

2. We hoped that the students had finished their experiment.

3. He thought everybody knew about his invention.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива:

This method is designed to eliminate cosily tower cranes.

To read ancient mathematical tables was very difficult.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы текста

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