The Subordinate Clauses of Time and Condition

The Compound Sentence. The Complex Sentence.

I. Read the following composite sentences and translate them into Russian:

1. As long as you are working here, we’ll have a rest.

2. I’ll have a talk with you after I’ve done my work.

3. They’ll come before the dinner starts.

4. What were you doing when I came in?

5. The students had been doing translation since the lesson began.

6. How they managed to do it was not clear.

7. I gave the books to her after I had read them.

8. That they have known about the plan seems evident.

9. To be or not to be that is the question.

10. Whether the students can do this work is the main problem.

11. As soon as I find your things, I’ll let you know.

12. We had already reached the village when it began raining.

13. They went for a walk after they had finished the work.

II. Define the type of connection in the following compound sentences and translate them into Russian:

1. What has happened to him? He has neither written nor phoned.

2. She often enjoyed her company, yet the child made her nervous.

3. It was early afternoon, but very dark outside, and the lamps had already been turned on.

4. He walked to the window and stood there looking at the winter night that had finally come upon him.

5. Either she or you should do it.

III. Define the types of subordinate clauses in the following complex sentences and translate them into Russian:

1. The sun was still low when we got up.

2. Since you insist on it I shall do it today.

3. The boy wore a man’s coat which was too long for him.

4. This is the very place where we stopped last year.

5. The car moved slowly because the motor was not working well.

6. The river we crossed was swift and cold.

7. Tell me whom you were speaking to when I met you.

8. He said it was the very man he was looking for.

9. The house stood where the roads met.

10. I have no idea how I can get to that place.

11. The day I was to start my work there came at last.

12. Having missed one train I waited until the next train came.

13. The party was held in a large room which was already crowded with people when we entered.

14. The news I received yesterday was most unexpected.

15. What you saw tonight was an ending.

16. “It looks as though winter will never come”, – she remarked.

17. Who and what he was, she never learned.

18. I only write down what seems to me to be the truth.

19. It’s easy to understand why fast-food restaurants are so popular.

20. What I want to know is when you are going to get married.

IV. Translate into Russian:

1. When you leave the room, please, make us a sign, and we shall follow you.

2. I shan’t do what you want unless you do what I asked you to.

3. Before I go to the evening party, I’ll call for you.

4. We shan’t have dinner until Father comes back from work.

5. If everything is all right, my son will graduate from the college next year.

6. As soon as John gets a good job, he will get married and will have a family of his own.

7. I’ll come and see you after I have finished my work, if I finish it at all.

V. Read the following sentences, find the subject and the predicate in the main and subordinate clauses and translate the sentences into Russian:

The school we go to is not far from our village. This is the school our grandfathers and fathers built in the evenings after work. The place where the school is situated is very nice. In front of the school there is a river, and behind it there is an experimental plot with many flower beds and shrubs and a garden which goes until the forest. Many famous people have finished our school. Our school is the school we shall always be proud of.

VI. Make up compound sentences according to the model and translate them into Russian:

Example 1: 1. He managed to get such books. He didn’t tell me about it. (how)

2. He didn’t tell me how he managed to get such books.

· I thought. He was a good actor. (that)

· I’d like to know. You are going to finish this work. (when)

· Please find it out. The museum is situated there. (where)

· I was afraid. He would miss the train. (that)

· I asked him. He wanted of me. (what)

· He asked me. I liked Shakespeare’s play most. (what)

Example 2: 1. There is a garden behind the house. Shakespeare liked to walk in it. (which)

2. There is a garden behind the house in which Shakespeare liked to walk.

· The tourists went to the town. Shakespeare was born there. (which)

· I’d like to see the play. It is on tonight at our club. (that)

· I don’t remember the day. They left for London. (when)

· We went across the fields. There stood Anne’s cottage. (where)

· The reason is not clear. Many students were absent from the lecture. (why)

Example 3: It is dark here. I cannot see anything. (as)

As it is dark here I cannot see anything.

· I couldn’t come to see you. I was unwell. (because)

· I met them. They arrived from London. (as soon as)

· Wait for me a little. You are not in a hurry. (if)

· I leave Moscow. I will let you know. (before)

· We shall arrive there on time. Nothing happens. (if)

· I’ll have a look at your work. I get free. (after)

· The guide – book is lying there. You left it. (where)

Example 4: My friend sent me a book. The book contained all the information which I needed. – My friend sent me the book containing all the information which I needed.

1. The girl didn’t talk much to the boy. The boy was sitting next to her in the classroom.

2. A new theatre has just opened in the town. The theatre contains 500 people.

3. The bus broke down. The bus was taking the pupils to the museum.

4. He was woken up by a bell. The bell was ringing.

Example 5: A new lecturer was invited to our university. His lectures are interesting. – Lectures of the new lecturer invited to our university are interesting.

1. A number of reports were made at the lesson. Most of them were useful. Most of the reports …

2. Some films were brought to their school. The pupils haven’t seen them yet. The pupils …

3. A door was broken in the storm last night. It has now been repaired. The door …

4. A new book was written by this author. I have already read it. I …

VII. Complete the sentences:

1. I’ll have lunch as soon as ….

2. I’ll not come and see you tomorrow unless I ….

3. She will not call you up until you ….

4. We’ll go to the bar if ….

5. We shall go to the country if the weather ….

6. I’ll make you a sign, when I ….

7. They will go to the cinema or a concert after they ….

8. Wait here until the doctor ….

9. I do not insist on it that ….

10. I was wondering if a friend of mine ….

VIII. Join two sentences into one by making relative clauses.

1. This story is about a girl. She runs away from home.

2. Her father works for a company. It makes washing machines.

3. Where are the pictures? They used to hang on the wall.

4. What was the name of the horse? It won the race.

5. Do you know the man? He lives next door.

6. She took the dress back to the shop. She had bought it there.

7. I know a restaurant. We can have a really good meal there.

8. I see her rather often. The last time she looked very well.

9. Unfortunately I wasn’t at home that evening. You phoned me then.

10. I didn’t know your address. I didn’t write to you for this reason.

IX. Complete the following sentences with relative clauses. Leave out who, which or that every time it is possible.

1. The window (it was broken) has now been repaired.

2. The waitress (she served us) was very impolite and impatient.

3. The stories (Hob tells us them) are usually very funny.

4. We didn’t like the woman (we met her yesterday).

5. The museum (we wanted to visit it) was shut when we got there.

6. The man (he answered the phone) told me you were out.

X. Make a relative clause with a preposition.

1. The house (I’m living in it) isn’t in a very good condition.

2. He didn’t get the job (he applied for it).

3. The party (we went to it) wasn’t very enjoyable.

4. I wasn’t interested in the things (they were talking about them).

5. I like the people (I work with them).

6. The man (she is married to him) is a successful businessman.

XI. Join two sentences into one using which or what.

1. Jill isn’t on the phone. This makes it difficult to contact her.

2. He offered me to stay in his house. This was nice of him.

3. She couldn’t come to the party. This was a pity.

4. Something unpleasant happened to her. She won’t tell anyone the thing that happened.

XII. Choose the right variant of using a comma:

1. Mr. Sallivan (a) I want to apply (b) for a credit line.

2. The credit (a) I guess (b) meant to cover the start – up period.

3. As a matter of fact (a) we can back up (b) the loan by real estate.

4. I am sure (a) that you will be able to repay (b) in due time.

5. The way he did it (a) has been discussed (b) all around the country.

6. I addressed (a) the secretary (b) who was dressed in red.

7. When you come (a) to the bank (b) I’ll arrange for you to meet the chief executive.

8. A start-up period (a) which lasts from a year to a year (b) and a half requires massive financing.

9. The chief executive (a) will sign the papers on Friday (b) if those are ready by that time.

10. He pledged real estate (a) precious metals (b) and securities.

XIII. Define if the following sentences are true or false. If not, give the right variant:

1. My brother who is in the army he came to see us.

2. The path was made by walkers who crossed the mountains each summer.

3. The danger of driving is something which worries me each time I travel.

4. I bought the present that I gave him it for Christmas in Japan.

5. The park I usually go running in is across the road.

6. It’s one of the most interesting books I have read this year.

7. An accountant told the doctor what he just couldn’t get to sleep at night.

8. The doctor asked him if he had tried counting sheep.

XIV. Find the sentences with the mistakes:

1. The accountant told the doctor that it didn’t help, as he makes a mistake and then spent three hours trying to find it.

2. A guy in a bar leaned over to the guy next to him and asked if he wanted to hear an accountant joke.

3. The guy replied that before his neighbour told that joke, he should know that he was 6 feet tall, he weighed 200 ponds, and he was an accountant.

4. He also said that the guy sit next to him was 6 feet 2 inches tall, he weighed 225 pounds, and he was an accountant.

5. And he inquired if the first guy still wanted to tell that joke.

6. First guy said that he didn’t, as he didn’t want to have to explain the joke two times.

7. A business owner told his friend that he was desperate searching for an accountant.

8. The friend asked if the man’s company hadn’t hired an accountant a short while before.

XV. Fill in the blanks choosing the right variant:

1. The cars ______ stood at the parking lot, were supposed to be sold out.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

2. The guy ______ I offered help, was taken to the police.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

3. No one knew ______ they should address the letter.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

4. There is the hunter _______ had phoned me the day before yesterday.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

5. He let them bring the deer _______ they had killed, to the plane.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

6. Just after taking off, the plane ______ was not meant to carry such weight, stalled and crashed.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

7. The plane ______ they hired at the airport took them to the wilderness in northern Canada.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

8. The last thing ______ the pilot said was, “Remember, this is a very small plane.”

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

9. They killed one deer ______ they brought to the plane.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

10. In the woods they met a sheriff ______ fined them for a thousand dollars.

a) which

b) that

c) who

d) whom

XVI. Translate these sentences into English:

1. Не так уж важно, придет ли кто-нибудь еще.

2. То, что этот вопрос важен, ясно каждому.

3. Придут ли они вовремя, не важно.

4. Я чувствую, что я простудился.

5. Он предупредил, что опоздает к обеду.

6. Он сказал, что собирается уехать из нашего города.

7. Преподаватель сказал, что все студенты сдали экзамен.

8. Мои друзья обещают, что помогут мне.

9. Он только что сказал, чтобы мы ушли из этой аудитории.

10. Джон объяснил, почему он опоздал.

11. Преподаватель спросил, готовы ли студенты к контрольной работе.

12. Я не могу рассчитывать на то, что он сам мне предложит помощь.

XVII. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. Школа, в которой я учился, находится в центре города.

2. Вот книга, которою вы хотели почитать.

3. Пушкин – русский писатель, которого я больше всего люблю.

4. Я уверен, что она смотрела эту пьесу.

5. Когда мы вернулись, никого не было дома.

6. Вы можете сказать, где находится Москва?

7. Мы не навестили вас, так как только вчера прибыли из Лондона.

8. Если дождь не прекратится, мы не пойдем гулять.

9. Я буду ждать до тех пор, пока вы не позвоните.

10. Я поговорю с вами, как только освобожусь.

11. Преподаватель сказал, что я должен много работать над своим английским.

12. Этим летом мы жили в деревне, которая расположена на живописных берегах Волги, в доме, окруженном большим садом.

XVIII. Translate into English:

1. Когда я приеду домой, я буду отдыхать. (to take a rest)

2. Если я получу хорошую работу, я останусь в этом городе.

3. Перед тем, как он поедет в Лондон, он позвонит вам.

4. Мы не будем обедать, пока ты не приедешь.

5. Когда вы будете уходить, скажите нам об этом.

6. Вы можете опоздать, если не возьмете такси.

7. Мы пойдем в кино после того, как закончим работу.

8. Если она не ответит на мое письмо, я не буду ей писать.

9. Как только я освобожусь (to get free), я позвоню вам.

10. Он не выполнит эту работу, если вы ему не поможете.

11. Вы не будете говорить по-английский хорошо, если не будете знать грамматику.

12. Подождите, пока не приедет преподаватель.

13. После того, как я закончу институт, я женюсь (to get married).

14. Человек, который хочет овладеть иностранным языком, должен постоянно в нем практиковаться.

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