Separable

To trade

Variable

To profit

Negotiable

Reason

Considerable

Compare

a) The research aims to _____ and contrast policies in British, American, and Japanese firms.

b) The two of them are in a _____ financial situation.

a) It is a matter of _____ importance to all of us.

b) He is _____ whether to accept another job offer.

a) I tried to _____ with her, but without success.

b) It seems _____ to expect rapid urban growth.

a) The two sides have yet to show their willingness to _____.

b) Terms and conditions are _____.

a) Some of their new electronic products are highly _____.

b) I think we have reached an agreement which not only _____ management but also labour.

a) Winds will be _____.

b) The details may _____, but all of these savings plans have the same basic goal.

a) These middlemen are _____ in luxury goods.

b) A _____ good or service can be sold in another location distant from where it was produced.

a) They are _____ by thousands of miles.

b) Character is not _____ from physical form but is governed by it.

Task 16. Match items in column A with their synonyms in column B.

A	B
1.to evolve	a)barter;
2.invention	b)profit;
3.facility	c)large output;
4.regions	d)to develop;
5.benefit	e)end customer;
6.goods	f)locations;
7.to comprehend	g)economic unit;
8.trading	h)wares, merchandise;
9.comparative	i)to comprise, include;
10.mass production	j)advantage;
11.exchange	k)innovation;
12.earnings	l)opportunity;
13.stock-exchange	m)relative;
14.economic entity	n)commerce;
15.final consumer	o)stock market;

Task 17. a) The word “ТОРГУВАТИ(ся)” has a range of English equivalents:

b) Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the words in italics.

1. They are still arguing over the details of the contract. 2. The women in the market often bargain away for hours. 3. Shop in small local markets and don’t be afraid to bargain. 4. The government will vigorously pursue individuals who traffic in drugs. 5. The store is open day and night. 6. The shop carries only name brands. 7. The company deals in computer software. 8. Who do you do business with in Manila? 9. Let’s not haggle over (about) a few dollars. 10. Ella showed her the best places to go for a good buy, and taught her how to haggle with used furniture dealers. 11. He denied burglary but admitted handling stolen goods. 12. The company markets a range of clothing, mainly through independent stores. 13. The company developed a plan to merchandise Mexican food products in grocery stores. 14. I don’t think dealers sell these cars at much of a profit. 15. They are middlemen trading in luxury goods. 16. They may refuse to trade, even when offered attractive prices. 17. They had years of experience of trading with the West. 18. He has been trading in antique furniture for 25 years. 19. The two sides have spent most of their time wrangling over procedural [prəu`si:G^ər ə l] problems. 20. A group of MPs is still wrangling with the government over the timing of elections.

c) Make up your own sentences with the following words and phrases:

1.To deal in;

2.to trade;

3.to argue;

4.to bargain;

5.to be open.

Task 18. Translate into English.

1. Торгівля – це добровільний обмін товарів та послуг. 2. Торгівля виникла з початком спілкування в доісторичні часи. 3. Термін “торгівля” включає в себе комплексну та розмаїту діяльність. 4. Базові елементи торгівлі не змінилися з доісторичних часів – це обмін однієї речі на іншу. 5. Початковою формою торгівлі був бартер. 6. Купівля може бути відокремлена від продажу завдяки засобу обміну – грошам. 7. Винахід грошей суттєво спростив торгівлю. 8. Торгівля існує з багатьох причин. 9. Завдяки спеціалізації та розподілу праці більшість людей можуть зосередитися на конкретному аспекті виробництва. 10. Різні регіони мають відносну перевагу у виробництві товарів, які є предметом обігу. 11. Як така, торгівля між різними територіями приносить користь обом територіям. 12. Механізм, який робить можливим торгівлю, називається ринком. 13. Комерція – це підрозділ торгівлі або виробництва, що має справу з обміном товарів та послуг від виробника до кінцевого споживача. 14. Комерція в першу чергу виражає достатньо абстрактні поняття купівлі і продажу. 15. Торгівля зазвичай стосується обміну конкретного класу товарів або конкретного акту обміну.

Task 19. Answer the questions.

1. What is trade?

2. Is trading a new phenomenon? Give your reasons.

3. When did trade originate?

4. What was the main facility of prehistoric people who bartered goods and services from each other before the invention of the modern day currency?

5. Have the basic elements of trade changed over time?

6. What was the original form of trade?

7. What is barter?

8. How did invention of money affect trade?

9. Does trade exist for many reasons? What are they?

10. What mechanism allows trade?

11. What does trade comprehend?

12. What is the difference between trade and commerce?

Task 20. Say what you know about:

1. The origin of trade.

2. Peculiarities of trade in the 21^st century.

3. Mediums of exchange and their effect on trade.

4. Benefits of trade.

5. The difference between trade and commerce.

Task 21. Comment on the following sayings.

1. “Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn’t do than the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbour. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.” (Mark Twain)

2. “Who has a trade may go anywhere.” (Spanish proverb)

3. “Writing is a difficult trade which must be learned slowly by reading great authors; by trying at the outset to imitate them; by daring then to be original; by destroying one’s first productions.” (Andre Maurois)

4. “Eat and drink with your friends but do not trade with them.” (Turkish proverb)

5. “Many have made a trade of delusions and false miracles, deceiving the stupid multitude.” (Leonardo da Vinci)

6. “A society that will trade a little liberty for a little order will lose both, and deserve neither.” (Thomas Jefferson)

Дата добавления: 2014-11-29