Запомните слова и словосочетания. Переведите интернациональные слова

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HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING TEXT A

dam, barrier, primary, function, natural, reservoir, tunnel, structure, navigation, irrigation, canal, hydraulic, engineering, project, potential, pressure, catastrophe, stability.

dam — дамба, плотина;

to impound — запруживать (воду);

valley — долина; пойма (реки);

reservoir line — линия/уровень водохранилища;

stream channel — русло реки;

to flank — располагаться по обе стороны;

embankment — дамба, плотина, набережная;

harbour — гавань, порт;

canal— канал (искусственный), русло, канава;

hydraulic engineering project — гидротехническое сооружение;

virtual conditions — вероятные условия/обстоятельства;

seepage — течь, просачивание;

to divert — отводить, направлять в другую сторону;

cofferdam — перемычка, водонепроницаемая крепь;

tunnel — тоннель, труба.

3. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Hydroengineering Objects

[Dam is a barrier to stop, control, and impound water flows. One of the best places for it is a narrow part of a deep river valley, the val- ley sides acting as natural walls. The primary function of the dam's structure is to fill the gap in the natural reservoir line left by the stream channel. The most economical arrangement is a masonry dam flanked by earth embankments.]⁰

Water supply systems are among the earliest mankind's attain- ments; all early civilizations were agricultural and depended on irriga- tion. Harbours and canals as well as numerous dams are the oldest

engineering achievements. Being grouped together such systems are known as hydraulic engineering projects.

[Since stability, strength, and reliability of hydroengineering ob­jects are of obligatory construction demands, much preliminary work should be fulfilled (especially under diverse virtual conditions)]° to predict and avoid catastrophes:

• Analysis of all potential stresses which huge structures can be subjected to (including earthquakes and seasonality);

• Testing of the velocity and pressure of the water that is being blocked to keep away from seepage;

• All flow characteristics of the dammed stream or river should be found out and taken into consideration.

Yet, it is necessary to survey whether the flow should be diverted or the dam is to be constructed with the cofferdams[4]. To divert rivers the following contemporary techniques can be used:

• digging tunnels for the channel;

• excavating a temporary channel for the river around the dam site.

*Cofferdam is a watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit construction work be­low the waterline.

(1 370 п.зн.)

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