Употребление инфинитива без частицы to

Инфинитив употребляется без частицы to:

a) после модальных глаголов, за исключением глаголов ought to, have to, to be to.

Models:

She can speak French.	Он может говорить по-французски.
May I use your dictionary?	Можно воспользоваться вашим словарем?
You must see thefilm if you get a chance.	Ты должен посмотреть фильм, если у тебя будет возможность.

b) после глаголов чувственного восприятия: to hear, to see, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice, etc. в действительном залоге.

Model:

I saw him put the key in the lock, turn it and open the door.

Я видел, как он вставил ключ в замочную скважину, повернул его и открыл дверь.

c) после глагола to let.

Models:

Please let me show you the way.	Пожалуйста, разрешите мне проводить вас.
Let’s go to the cinema tonight.	Давай пойдем в кино сегодня вечером.

d) после глаголов to make заставлять (в действительном залоге); to have заставлять, допускать.

Model:

They made me repeat the story.

Они заставили меня повторить историю.

e) После выражений had better, would rather, would sooner, cannot but.

Models:

I would rather not speak about it.	Я бы предпочел не говорить об этом.
You’d better not go near the edge оf a cliff.	Вам бы лучше не подходить близко к краю утеса.

f) в вопросительных предложениях начинающихся с why.

Model:

Why not cook fish tonight?

Почему бы не приготовить рыбу сегодня вечером?

g) после глагола to help возможны оба варианта (с или без to).

Model:

I helped Bentley (to) sit up.

Я помог Бентли приподняться.

Exercise 1. Use the Infinitives with or without the participle to.

1. I helped him (to find) his things. 2. He made me (to do) all the work again. 3. My neighbour let me (to borrow) his own car. 4. When I was a child I was made (to go) to the doctor whenever I felt ill. 5. I can’t (to think) what made him (to do) such a thing. 6. I felt the insect (to crawl up) my arm. 7. Let’s (to watch) the boys (to dive). 8. She heard him (to open) the door. 9. You’d better (to try) not (to think) about it. 10. I asked him if he was willing (to help) me (to do) the job. 11. Why not (to allow) her (to do) as she likes? 12. Why not (to let) her (to do) as she likes? 13. They were seen (to come) to the corner.

Exercise 2. Ask your friend if he/she is sure somebody did it. Use appropriate verbs of sense perception.

Model: The students sang a song — Are you sure the students sang that song? — Yes, I heard them sing that song.

1. Peter booked the tickets. 2. Mrs. White accepted the invitation. 3. The driver apologized. 4. The official explained how to fill in the form. 5. George wound the clock. 6. Larry switched off the light. 7. Mary turned off the water. 8. Tom invited his neighbors to the party. 9. Jane locked the door. 10. Salty warned Mike of the danger.

Exercise 3. Speak about Peter’s behavior. Say that you think that this is partly his parents’ fault that he is so troublesome.

Model: to shout at his sister — Peter shouts at his sister. — But why do you let him shout at his sister?

To fight with the neighbours’ children, to upset everyone, to answer back, to disobey his teachers, to break the furniture, to miss school every Monday, to watch TV all Saturday, to stay in bed all Sunday, to put his elbows on the table, to talk with his mouth full, to use awful language, to kick his brother.

Exercise 4. Say what your parents made you do when you were a child.

Model: to air the room just before going to bed — My parents made me air the room just before going to bed.

To get dressed as soon as I got up in the morning, to wash my hands before I ate my meals, to clean my teeth after I had eaten my meals, to accompany them to the park on Sunday mornings, to apologize if I was rude to someone, to write a “thank you” letter when I was given presents, to tidy up my room if it was untidy, to go to the doctor whenever I felt ill, to work harder if my work at school was bad.

Exercise 5. Respond to the statements by giving advice or making recommendation.

Model: I’ve got a toothache (to go to the dentist). - You’d better go to the dentist.

1. Sam is terribly overweight (to go on a diet). 2. Our train leaves in a few minutes (to take your seats). 3. The rain is coming through the roof (to get a builder to look at it tomorrow). 4. We’re spending our holidays in Bulgaria next summer (to start learning some Bulgarian). 5. I’m feeling ill (to see a doctor if you’re still feeling ill tomorrow). 6.I don’t understand today’s grammar (to ask the teacher to explain the rule once again). 7. Jim and Ada can’t dance. They feel out of place at discotheques (to take dance lessons).

Exercise 6. Invite your friend to do something.

Model: to walk to the hostel (to wait for a bus) — Let’s walk to the hostel. Or would you rather wait for a bus? — I’d rather walk to the hostel.

To ring the dentist today (to put it off till tomorrow), to go to the party as we are (to change into evening dress), to stay with my aunt’s (to stay in hotel), to finish it tonight (to leave it till tomorrow), to stay at home next weekend (to go hiking), to go to Moscow by train (to go there by plane), to mend our old TV set (to buy a new one), to fix the iron ourselves (to send for an electrician), to wash the sheets at home (to take them to the launderette), to do our own typing (to employ a secretary), to tune the piano ourselves (to get a piano tuner), to do exercise 12 in writing (to do it orally), to read dialogue 11 (to listen to the recording first).

Exercise 7. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Я бы предпочел не говорить об этом. 2. Давайте послушаем последние известия. 3. Когда я был ребенком, меня заставляли перед сном проветривать комнату. 4. Что заставляет вас думать так? 5. Почему бы вам не навестить ее? 6. Вам бы лучше вернуться домой. 7.Давайте не будем шуметь. 8. Вы должны сделать эту работу немедленно. 9. Я намерен зайти к нему и обсудить этот вопрос. 10. Я видела, как он закрыл дверь на ключ.11. Я очень устал. Я бы предпочел остаться дома вечером. 12. Фильм начинается через десять минут. Нам бы лучше поторопиться. 13. Сегодня прекрасный день. Пойдем на пляж или ты предпочитаешь поехать в деревню? 14. Ты бы хотела посмотреть телевизор? — Я бы предпочла послушать музыку. 15. Ты выглядишь бледным и усталым. Тебе следовало бы обратиться к врачу. 16. Я бы предпочел взять такси, чем ехать на автобусе до вокзала. 17. Она очень обижена. Тебе следовало бы извиниться перед ней. 18. Когда ты собираешься взять отпуск в этом году? — Я бы предпочел взять его в августе. Мне бы лучше поехать на море в этом году. 19. Я бы предпочел подождать автобус, чем идти пешком. 20. Давай поедем на юг летом. — Я бы предпочел съездить в туристическую поездку в Англию.

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