Clauses of Unreal Condition

TEXT

Render the contents of the poem in prose. Memorize it.

Topics for Oral and Written Composition

Outline

1. The division where Erik teaches (the physics department; to be meant for; to devote oneself to).

2. The conditions under which Erik works (to require a minimum of; to correct reports and quizzes; to prepare for demonstrations; a full-time schedule; to be subordinated to; to consume time; in return; at midnight; to be too exhausted to do smth; to manage to do smth; to complete smth).

3. Erik tries to find time to work for his doctorate (to find spare time; to read the current research journals; to understand the implications of the experiments; to despair of doing smth).

4. Erik lives on two levels (complete absorption in one's work; to stuff oneself as full of knowledge as one can; hurried meals; exhausted sleep).

1. Your Institute obligations - studies and social work.
2. The biography of a famous scientist.
3. Your summer vacation.

LISTEN

By H. Wolfe (1885-1940)

Listen! The wind is rising and the air is wild with leaves; we ha've had our summer evenings; now for October eves!

The great beach trees lean forward, and strip like a diver. We had better turn to the fire and shut our minds to the sea,

Where the ships of youth are running close-hauled on the edge of the wind, with all adventure before them, and only the old behind.

UNIT TWO

This all happened on the same day. And that day was a Saturday, the red Saturday on which, in the unforgettable football match between Tottenham Hotspur and the Hanbridge F.C. (formed regardless of expense in the matter of professionals), the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint.

Mr. Cowlishaw - aged twenty-four, a fair-haired bachelor with a we,ak moustache - had bought the practice of the retired Mr. Rapper, a dentist of the very old school. His place of business - whatever high-class dentists choose to call it - was quite.ready for hjm when he arrived -at Hanbridge on a Friday night: specimen "uppers" and "lowers" and odd teeth shining in their glass case, the

new black-and-gold door-plate on the door, and the electric filling apparatus, which he had purchased, in the operating-room. Nothing lacked there.

The next afternoon he sat in his beautiful new surgery and waited for dental sufferers to come to him from all quarters of the Five Towns. It need hardly be said that nobody came.

The mere fact that a new dentist has "set up" in a district is enough to cure all the toothache for miles around. The one martyr who might, perhaps, have paid him a visit and a fee did not show herself. This martyr was.Mrs. Simeon Clowes, the mayoress. By a curious chance Mr. Cowlishaw had observed the previous night that she was obviously in pain from her teeth or from a particular tooth. But she had doubtless gone, despite her toothache, to the football match with the Mayor. All the world had gone to the football match. Mr. Cowlishaw would have liked to go, but it would have been madness to leave the surgery on his opening day. So he sat and yawned, and gazed at the crowd crowding to the match at two o'clock, crowding back in the gloom al four o'clock; and at a quarter past five he was reading a full description of the carnage in the football edition of the Signal. Though Hanbridge had been defeated, it appeared from the Signal that Hanbridge was the better team, and that Ran-noch, the new Scottish centre-forward, had fought nobly for the town which had bought him so dear.

Mr. Cowlishaw was just dozing over the Signal when the door bell rang. With beating heart he retained his presence of mind, and said to himself that of course it could not possibly be a client. Even dentists who bought a practice ready-made never had a client on their first day. He heard the attendant go to the door, and then he heard the attendant saying, "I'll see, sir."

It was in fact, a patient. The servant, having asked Mr. Cowlishaw if Mr. Cowlishaw was at liberty, introduced the patient.

The patient was a tall, stiff, fair man of about thirty, with a tousled head, and in inelegant but durable clothing. He had a drooping moustache, which prevented Mr. Cowlishaw from adding his teeth up instantly.

• "Good afternoon, mister," said the patient abruptly.
• "Good afternoon," said Mr. Cowlishaw. "Have you... Can I..."
• "It's like this," said the patient, putting his hand in his waistcoat pocket.
• "Will, you kindly sit down," said Mr. Cowlishaw, turning on the light, and pointing to the chair of chairs.
• "It's like this," repeated the patient, doggedly. "You see these three teeth?"
• He displayed three very real teeth in a piece of reddened paper. As a spectacle, they were decidedly not appetizing, but Mr. Cow-Hshaw was hardened.
• "Really!" said Mr. Cowlishaw, impartially gazing on them.
• "They're my teeth," said the patient. And thereupon he opened his mouth wide and displayed, not without vanity, a widowed gum.

• "'ont 'eeth," he exclaimed, keeping his mouth open and omitting preliminary consonants.
• "Yes," said Mr. Cowlishaw, with a, dry inflection. "I saw that they were upper incisors. How did this all come about? An accident, I suppose?"
• "Well," said the man, "you may call it an accident; I don't. My name is Rannqch; centre-forward. Ye see? Were you at the match?"

Mr. Cowlishaw understood. He had no need of further explanation; he had read it all in the Signal. And so the chief victim of Tottenham Hotspur had come to him, just to him! This was luck! For Rannoch was, of course, the most celebrated man in the Five Towns, and the idol of the populace. He might have been M.P. had he chosen.

"Dear me!" Mr. Cowlishaw sympathized and he said again, pointing more firmly to the chair of chairs, "will you sit down?"

"I had 'em all picked up," Mr. Rannoch proceeded, ignoring the suggestion. "Because a bit of a scheme came into my head. And that's why I've come to you, as you're just a commencing dentist. Supposing you put these teeth on a bit of green velvet in the case in your window, with a big card to say that they're guaranteed to be my genuine teeth knocked out by that blighter of a Tottenham half-back, you'll have such a crowd that was never seen around your door. All the Five Towns'll come to see 'em. It'll be the biggest advertisement that you or any other dentist ever had. And you might put a little notice in the Signal saying that my teeth are on view at your premises; it would only cost you a shilling... I should expect you to furnish me with new teeth for nothing, ye see."

Assuredly the idea was an idea of genius. As an advertisement it would be indeed colossal and unique. Tens of thousands would gaze spellbound for hours at those relics of their idol, and every gazer would inevitably be familiarized with the name and address of Mr. Cowlishaw, and with the fact that Mr. Cowlishaw was dentist-in-chief to the heroical Rannoch. Unfortunately, in dentistry there is etiquette. Mr. Cowlishaw knew that he could not do this without sinning against professional etiquette.

"I'm sorry I can't fall in with your scheme," said he, "but I can't."

"But, man!" protested the Scotsman, "It's the greatest scheme that ever was."

"Yes," said Mr. Cowlishaw, "but it would be unprofessional."

Mr. Rannoch was himself a professional. "Oh, well," he said sarcastically, "if you're one of those amateurs -,"

"I'll put the job in as low as possible," said Mr. Cowlishaw, persuasively.

But Scotsmen are not to be persuaded like that.

Mr. Rannoch wrapped up his teeth and left.

(From "Tales of the Five Towns" by Arnold Bennett)

(to be continued)

COMMENTARY

NOTES

1.... a fair-haired bachelor...

Fair-haired is a compound adjective.

Compounding is a word-building process in which words are formed by joining two or more bases together. Compounds are most common among adjectives and nouns.

Compound adjectives can be built according to the following structural patterns:^*

N + A	snow-white
N + Ved	spell bound
(A + N) + ed	fair-haired

The pattern (A + N) + ed is very productive in Modern English. Adjectives built according to this pattern are used to describe a person's features- and appearance, parts of the body, traits of character, clothing, e. g.

dark-haired, pale-faced, long-legged, good-natured, etc.

Compound nouns are commonly formed by a combination of two simple nominal bases,

N +N

toothache

or a simple nominal base and deverbal noun-base,

N + Nv

toymaker, word-formation

2.... who might have paid him a visit and a fee.

In this sentence the verb to pay refers to two objects - a visit and a fee. The combination to pay a visit is a phraseological unit meaning нанести визит; to pay a fee is a free combination in which the verb to pay is used in its direct meaning. By using the same verb with these two very different objects the author achieves a humorous stylistic effect. This stylistic device is called zeugma ['z(j)u:gma] зевгма.

Other examples of the same stylistic device are the following:...He took his hat and his leave. She fell into a chair and a fainting fit, simultaneously. When they emerged upon the road he (Bob) threw off his spectacles and his gravity together. (Ch. Dickens, "The Pickwick Papers").

3. Ye see?

Ye is regarded as a dialectal form of the pronoun you. The speaker is a Scot.

4.... dentist-in-chief to the heroical Rannoch.

Dentist-in-chief is a compound noun formed by analogy 'with such words as commander-in-chief, editor-in-chief. In this context it is used to produce a humorous effect.

STRUCTURAL PATTERNS

... the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint.

In sentences with clauses of unreal condition there may be four different combinations of forms:

Clause of unreal condition	Principal clause
a) the Past Indefinite	would + indefinite infinitive
b) the Past Indefinite	would + perfect infinitive indefinite
c) the Past Perfect	would + infinitive continuous
d) the Past Perfect	would + perfect infinitive

Perfect forms refer the actions to the past, non-perfect - to the present or future.

If you offered him your help now, he would not refuse it this time, (a)	Если бы вы сейчас предложили ему свою помощь, он бы на этот раз не отказался.
If he had good manners, he would have seen you home yesterday, (b)	Если бы он был воспитанным человеком, он бы проводил вас вчера домой.
If 1 had accepted their offer, I would now have every opportunity to do research, (c)	Если бы я принял их предложение, у меня были бы сейчас все возможности заниматься исследованиями.
If you had not missed the turning, we would be approaching the city now. (c)	Если бы ты не пропустил поворот, мы бы сейчас подъезжали к городу.
If Mrs. Clowes had not objected, Mr. Cowlishaw would have filled her tooth, (d)	Если бы миссис Клауз не возражала, мистер Каулишо запломбировал бы ей зуб.

Note: When sentences with clauses of unreal condition are used with reference to characters in fiction, perfect forms are used.

If Mr. Cowlishaw had gone to the match on his opening day, it would have been sheer madness.

2. Complex Object

a)... he waited for dental sufferers to come to him from all quarters of the Five Towns.

Such verbs as to expect, to hate, to wait (for), to ask (for) and the expression should/would like take the Complex Object where the infinitive is used with the particle to.

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