VII. Find information on different operating systems. Fill in the table with an appropriate infimation according to the picture

V. Ask the questions to the situations.

1. A computer consists of hardware, applications software, and operating system software. The operating system allows the user to interact with the computer hardware.

2. The basic components of a microcomputer are processor, motherboard, memory, video adapter and display, keyboard, pointing device, disk drives, and peripheral devices. You can identify hardware components by a visual inspection, by observing information displayed during the boot up process, and by accessing a ROM BIOS setup program.

3. Certain functions are provided by most, if not all, current operating systems. These functions include a user interface, job management, task management, memory management, file manage-ment, device management, and security. The operating system makes everything work together.

4. You can identify most of the functions provided by your operating system by careful observation. For instance, evidence of support of the security function includes a required logon procedure when you start your computer, and the need for authorization to access resources on your local computer.

VI. Fill in the gaps with prepositions on, into, of, in,with, to, for.

1. As … 2005, the major operating systems … widespread use … general-purpose computers (including personal computers) have consolidated… two families: the Microsoft Windows family and the Unix-like family.

2. Mainframe computers and embedded systems use a variety … different operating systems, many … no direct connection …Windows or Unix.

3. The Microsoft Windows family … operating systems originated as a graphical layer … top … the older MS-DOS environment … the IBM PC.

4. Modern versions are based … the newer Windows NT core that first took shape … OS/2.

5. Windows runs … 32- and 64-bit Intel and AMD computers, although earlier versions also ran … the DEC Alpha and PowerPC architectures.

6. Today, Windows is the most popular desktop operating system, enjoying a near-monopoly … around 90% … the worldwide desktop market share.

7. It is also widely used … low-end and mid-range servers, supporting applications such as Web servers and database servers.

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6.

_____ MAC OS 8 is a series of versions of the Mac OS that supported a transition through major changes in the Macintosh hardware platform. Its earliest release still supported Macs with Motorola 68040; its later releases (Mac OS 8.1 and 8.5) shipped with PowerPC G3 systems such as the early iMacs and PowerMac G3s. It is most closely associated with the "second generation," PowerPC-based Macs that Apple sold in the interim. Over 1.2 million copies of Mac OS 8.0 were sold within weeks of its July 26, 1997 release with 2,000 copies sold by Cyberian Outpost in the first four days.

____ WINDOWS 3.0 was the 3rd major release of Microsoft Windows, and came out on May 22, 1990. It was the first widely successful version of Windows (see history of Microsoft Windows), enabling Microsoft to compete with Apple Macintosh and the Commodore Amiga on the GUI front.

____ SOLARIS is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. It is certified against the Single Unix Specification as a version of Unix. Although Solaris is still proprietary software, the core OS has been made into an open source project, OpenSolaris.

____ ATHEOS was a free software operating system for x86-based computers. It was initially intended as an AmigaOS clone, but that objective was later abandoned. It is no longer in development, and has been superseded by the Syllable operating system.

____ NEXTSTEP is the original object-oriented, multitasking operating system that NeXT Computer, Inc. developed to run on its proprietary NeXT computers (informally known as "black boxes"). NEXTSTEP 1.0 was released on 18 September 1989 after several previews starting in 1986, and the last release 3.3 in early 1995, by which time it ran not only on Motorola 68000 family processors (specifically the original black boxes), but also generic IBM compatible x86/Intel, Sun SPARC, and HP PA-RISC. About the time of the 3.2 release NeXT teamed up with Sun Microsystems to develop OpenStep, a cross-platform standard and implementation (for Sun Solaris, Microsoft Windows, and NeXT's version of the Mach kernel) based

on NEXTSTEP 3.2.

____ OBERON is an operating system, originally developed as part of the NS32032-based Ceres workstation project; it is written entirely in the Oberon programming language. The entire system was designed and implemented by a team at ETH Zürich including Niklaus Wirth and associates. The user interface is neither a GUI nor quite a command line interface, being instead tied closely to naming conventions in Oberon (the language). This approach has not been very influential among more recent operating systems.

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