Unit 15. Gerund

Unit 14. Complex Subject

Complex Subject consists of a noun in the common case (загальний відмінок) or a pronoun (займенник). We use Complex Subject: - in statement some facts: to know, to think, to state, to report; - in suspection: to expect, to suppose, to believe, to consider; - in perception: to see, to hear; and such verbs as: - to be (not) likely to – скоріш за всього (наврядчи); - appear – здаватися; - happen – сталось; - turn out – виявилось; перекладається на українську мову як: говорять, бачили, думали, чули, виявилось і т.д. Grammar structure:

smb. is heard, seen, expected to do smth. was ordered, asked, allowed to be done will be likely to, appear, happen to have done smth.

e. g. She is thought to have done mistake.

Думали, що вона зробила помилку.

Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. This exhibition is said to be finished soon.
2. He is considered to be most successful business in the town.
3. Picasso is known to have lived most part of his life n France.
4. The director is believed to be working at new project.
5. The documents were considered to have been lost.
6. The girl was not likely to have taken documents by mistake.
7. She seemed to have noticed something interesting on the shore.
8. She is likely to succeed.
9. The Eurovision will expected to take place in May next year.
10. The conference is hear to be ruled by Chairman.
11. She was happen to be such countries.
12. He is appeared to have invested a lot of money in business.
13. He is turned out pretended to another man.

Exercise 2. Open the brackets:

1. She (expect) (operate) today.
2. Just look at his hand! He (sure) (work) in the garage.
3. She (seem) (recognize) me.
4. She (seem) (forget) the little English she knew.
5. A young woman (suppose) (write) this book.
6. You (not likely) (miss) your train if you are in a hurry.
7. Economic (know) (focus on) production of the goods and on the income.
8. The price (say) (change).
9. They (order) (leave) the hall.
10. The situation (appear) more difficult than we thought.

Exercise 3. Translate into English:

1. Навряд чи, щоб ви застали його дома о цій порі.
2. Здавалося, що він про щось думає.
3. Виявилося, що він знає три іноземні мови.
4. Ніколи не бачили, щоб він сердився.
5. Він, здається багато знає.
6. Його підхід до вирішення цієї проблеми виявився дуже простим.
7. Навряд чи, він стане ризикувати.
8. Здається, фірма підписала контракт.
9. Очікують, що ціни скоро підвищаться.

10. Кажуть, що покупці купують товар по ціні зафіксованій в договорі.

The gerund has the following forms:

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	Ing	being +3. /ed
Perfect	having + 3/ed	Having+ been+ 3/ed

We use the gerund:

- as the subject of a sentence: Exporting will be our main objective next year;

- as the object of a sentence: I’ve always enjoyed reading;

- after verbs:

admit, mind, appreciate, avoid, consider, can’t stand, can’t help, delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, involve, postpone, propose, risk, stop, suggest, to be worth;

- after prepositions:

after, before, by, when, while, without;

- after verbs and expressions followed by prepositions:

be interested in; be good at smth., be fond of, be for/against, be used to, instead of, feel like, think of/about, look forward to, succeed in, approve of, insist on, object to, it’s no use;

e. g. It’s no use asking him.

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Stop (argue) and start (work).

2. The boss is against (make) any complaints.

3. I’m thinking of (retire) and (go) to Ukraine.

4. If he puts his money into that business he risks (lose) everything.

5. If a thing is worth (do) at all it is worth (do) well.

6. He hates (borrow) money.

7. I can’t stand their (waste) so much time.

8. I thanked him for (solve) the problem quickly.

9. I suggest (postpone) the meeting.

10. It’s no good (complain). Nothing can be done.

11. I can’t help (think) about the interview.

12. We avoid (keep) late hours. Our working day begins very early.

13. The secretary admitted (steal) the money.

14. I believe he is capable of (solve) this problem.

Exercise 2. Finish these sentences using a gerund:

1. My favorite activity is ….

2. He can’t stand ….

3. He is good at ….

4. Some people just can’t help ….

5. We are used to ….

6. I am interested in ….

7. This company is worth ….

8. The customer wants to know who was responsible for ….

9. I feel like ….

10. He admitted ….

11. I am thinking of ….

12. … was the key to the company’s success.

13. It’s no use of ….

14. Avoid ….

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences using the gerund form of one of the verbs below:

give, get, make, have, lose, help, work, discuss, get, worry, meet, analyze, cry, buy, reduce;

1. He is interested in … the shares of this company.

2. It’s no use … over split milk.

3. This job involves … our international transactions.

4. We are looking forward to … the new Sales Manger.

5. It isn’t worth … about it.

6. You risk … bad results.

7. As we don’t agree about company policy we avoid … this subject.

8. We don’t mind … overtime, if it help the company.

9. You mustn’t insist on … him.

10. By delaying we risk … this contract.

11. I can’t imagine not … a computer in my office.

12. He apologized for … this serious mistake.

13. He is very pleased with … the job he wanted.

14. It’s no good … her advice, as she never listens.

15. Overstaffing should be solved by … the workforce.

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