The Non – Finite Forms of the Verb: the Infinitive

I. Make up the forms of the infinitives from the given verbs:

Indefinite Passive: to translate, to visit, to reflect, to represent, to arrest;

Continuous Active: to develop, to discuss, to type, to take part, to introduce, to prepare, to direct;

Perfect Active: to post, to publish, to display, to give, to find, to receive, to arrive;

Perfect Passive: to send, to shoot, to examine, to write, to occupy, to surround.

II. Translate into Russian the sentences, find the infinitives and define their form:

1. To learn two foreign languages at one and the same time is not easy.

2. How to solve this problem is quite clear.

3. What way to choose must be decided now.

4. The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.

5. Mr. Price is said to be writing a new book.

6. I want you to complete the project by tomorrow.

7. Would you like me to tell the whole story?

8. Everybody noticed Mary enter the room.

9. She was happy to have been given the job.

10. I have never heard her sing English songs.

11. M. Lomonosov is known to be the founder of Moscow University.

12. I consider Victor to be a good friend.

13. The mountaineers were announced to have been going up for five days.

14. The weather is likely to change.

15. I’m going to speak at the seminar to be held next week.

16. We know folklore to have been passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth.

17. The teacher wanted us to put down the saying and explain it.

18. Everybody knew him to be fond of modern light music, so we couldn’t imagine him arguing about classical music.

19. She didn’t expect him to know so many nursery rhymes and to be able to recite them.

20. When we arrived at the club we found the concert to have been cancelled.

III. Use the infinitives with or without the particle “to”:

1. The light was so dim that you could neither … see and … read, nor … do anything else and soon he began … be worried.

2. I happened … be going to London.

3. She was quick … notice the change of my tone.

4. What makes you … think so?

5. Before they were married he promised … let her … go if the marriage was … be a failure.

6. What caused him … change his mind?

7. There were instructions … be carried out.

8. Have you ever seen her … dance?

9. She crossed the room … open the door.

10. You don’t have … worry, I’ll do everything.

11. He is not … be trusted.

12. You were right when you told him not … interfere in our affairs.

13. I can’t help but … admire your progress.

14. You have been doing nothing but … argue.

15. Why not … go and … see them one of these days?

16. Why should I … give up the idea?

17. The guests were eager … hear Harris … sing a comic song.

IV. Make up sentences according to the models using the expressions in brackets and translate the sentences into Russian:

Model I: I want (would like) you (him, her, them) to do it.

(to show your plan, to announce this news, to launch the proposal at the meeting).

Model II: Have you ever seen her/him dance?

(to skate, to ski, to swim, to play tennis, to run, to jump).

Model III: I expect him (her, them) to come.

I expect the question to be discussed.

(our team – to win the first prize; she – to prepare for the examination well; this problem – to be solved soon; the dispute – to be settled).

Model IV: He is known (said) to work at his English hard.

(to perform his duties well; to have been sent abroad; to be invited to such meetings very often; to have been examined by a well-known scientist; to have been refused any help; to have been told to do it).

Model V: He is considered (believed) to be a good worker.

(a good sportsman, a talented artist, a great scientist, a well-known economist, a poor poet).

Model VI: He seems to be well.

(to lag behind his classmates, to have won the game, to come out against such actions, to be displaying a keen interest in English literature).

Model VII: He is (un) likely to come.

(to find an answer to this question, to introduce anything new in our system, to be elected as a chairman of the meeting).

Model VIII: He is sure (certain) to come.

(to win, to organize a contest, to get acquainted with them, to send a message of congratulation).

V. Use the correct form of the Infinitive in the Complex Object constructions:

1. He saw her (to turn) to Irene and (to say) something.

2. I want this myth (to remember).

3. We didn’t expect them (to come) earlier than we did.

4. I never before heard him (to speak) so much.

5. We believe them (to reach) the station by now.

6. The judge ordered the prisoner (to bring) in.

7. We waited for her (to begin).

8. I expect you (to see) this play with me.

9. They saw him (to cross) the street looking to the left and to the right.

10. His friends wished him (to succeed).

VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to “for+Infinitive” construction:

1. The English student was speaking too fast for our students to catch what he was saying.

2. The boy was told to be a good boy and wait for the parents to return in the evening.

3. “That’s easy for you to say,” said Gordon.

4. It was not difficult for the driver to find the road, he knew those places.

5. We wondered if it was time for us to leave.

6. I think it would be better for you to tell the truth.

7. The mother was very anxious for the daughter to enter the institute.

8. There will be a lot of interesting people for you to make acquaintance of.

9. It was easy enough for us to persuade them.

VII. Translate into Russian the following sentences with the Complex Subject Construction:

1. Programmed instruction techniques are said to be used in some schools.

2. The peoples of the world are known to possess two types of literature: oral and written.

3. When we entered the theatre the orchestra was heard to be tuning up.

4. I appeared to have seen the play at some provincial theatre many years before.

5. The plane was announced to have landed.

6. Miss Jean seemed to be awakening from a dream.

7. I seem to have lost my watch.

VIII. Change the sentences according to the model using the Complex Subject:

Model: It was believed that she had returned. – She was believed to have returned.

We are sure they will come. – They are sure to come.

1. It was believed that she was visiting her relatives in the country.

2. It seemed that she knew everything and everybody on the ship board.

3. It appeared he was working at his new play.

4. It is supposed that the arrival of Mr. N. in London is a pure coincidence.

5. It seems that you misunderstood me.

6. It is likely that the talks will be resumed early in November.

7. We can hardly believe that the letter will be delivered on time.

8. I suppose you know it quite well.

9. They announced that the meeting had been put off.

IX. Use the Complex Subject in place of the Complex Object:

1. We heard him explaining something to his son.

2. They watched the boys playing football.

3. Someone saw her walking about the garden.

4. We saw them signing the paper.

5. He watched the postman distributing the letters.

6. Watson saw inspector Morton standing at the corner.

7. We believe them to have come to an agreement.

8. We suppose the students to have exams now.

9. She found him looking through morning newspapers.

10. She made him apologize.

X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the modal verbs in different combinations:

cannot have (done) – не может быть, чтобы …

1. He can’t have translated this text without a dictionary.

2. She can’t have done such a thing.

3. They can’t have come so late.

4. He can’t have said it.

5. It can’t have been so cold.

could have (done) – мог бы сделать (но не сделал)

1. He could have done it without your help.

2. The Browns could have invited us to the evening party.

3. Eve could have told them about it long ago.

4. You could have published the article in our journal.

5. Nobody could have done it better.

may have (done) – возможно сделал

1. The problem may have been solved, but I’m not sure.

2. The delegation may have arrived, but we don’t have exact information so far.

3. They may have bought the necessary goods there.

4. Since we haven’t got any positive answer to our request, the manager of the company may have refused to sell us the equipment.

5. They may have spent part of the summer in the South.

must have (done) – должно быть сделал

1. They must have sent a new spaceship into orbit.

2. It must have taken him much time to complete the work.

3. Helen looks very happy, she must have passed her exam successfully.

4. All the people are leaving the conference hall, the meeting must have been declared closed.

5. Jane must have come home by now.

should have (done) – следовало бы сделать (но не сделал)

1. Daddy didn’t feel good yesterday, he should have stayed at home.

2. You should have helped your friend long ago.

3. They should have told you about it beforehand.

may be (doing) – возможно, может быть (делает)

1. Paul may be taking part in a swimming contest, but I don’t know exactly.

2. What is going on in the club? – They may be showing a film.

3. Where are the students? – They may be doing sights (visiting places of interest).

XI. Use the proper form of the Infinitive:

1. Edward seldom writes to me now, he must (to work) hard.

2. You may (to misunderstand) us, we didn’t mean to hurt you.

3. They can’t (to receive) our letter, we sent it only yesterday.

4. He may still (to sleep), he isn’t an early riser.

5. You shouldn’t (to complain) to his parents, he got offended.

6. If someone had warned me about the meeting I could (to attend) it.

7. Look! The roofs are white. It must (to snow) now.

8. I’m happy (to hear) of Tom’s success.

9. I’m glad (to see) you again.

10. She was delighted (to meet) Mr. Brown.

XII. Use the correct form of the infinitive:

1. I don’t expect them (to take) the book from the library. It was closed yesterday.

2. Are you going (to be) here very long?

3. He was glad (to spend) his leave in the country. It did him a lot of good.

4. He seemed (to recover) but did not look quite well.

5. It was impossible (to speak) to her.

6. It is so nice of you (to bring) me the book I have been looking for.

7. Oh, we’re awfully pleased (to meet) you.

8. She was sorry (to tell) her the truth.

9. He is disappointed (not to be awarded) the prize.

10. She was surprised (not to find) me at home.

11. Who was the last person (to arrive) before me?

12. There is nobody (to explain) it to other people.

13. She is not (to trust).

14. I’d like you (to appoint) our monitor.

15. We still think we were right (to send) her away.

16. I want to be the first (to examine).

17. She forced herself (to answer).

XIII. Use the correct form of the Infinitive:

1. The translation proved (to be) difficult (to do) within such a short period of time.

2. They were heard (to whisper) about something.

3. We happen (to go) to the same school.

4. She seemed (to listen) to him trying to catch every word.

5. He is known (to graduate) from Oxford.

6. The train is announced (to arrive) in 10 minutes.

7. Great Britain is known (to be) once a great colonial country.

8. I am sure (to ask) this question at the exam tomorrow.

9. He is unlikely (to work) now, it’s too late.

10. He seemed (to watch) the clock for a long time.

11. She is expected (to arrive) by the morning train.

12. You shouldn’t (to complain) to his parents, he got offended.

13. If someone had warned me about the meeting I could (to attend) it.

14. Have a look! The roofs are white. It must (to snow) now.

15. You may (to misunderstand) us, we didn’t mean to hurt you.

16. He didn’t allow anyone (to carry) his heavy luggage.

17. Here is the article (to translate) by tomorrow morning.

XIV. Open the brackets:

1. He made me (to do) it all over again.

2. Her father made her (to learn) the lessons.

3. If you want us (to make) the work quickly you should let us (to start) at once.

4. Would you like me (to read) now?

5. He wouldn’t let the children (to play) in his study.

6. Please let me (to know) the results of your exam as soon as possible.

7. He made us (to wait) for two hours.

8. I let him (to go) early as he had done his task.

9. I saw them (to open) the window.

10. That is too difficult for you to do, let me (to help) you.

XV. Choose the right variant:

1. They made me ________ for hours.

a) to wait;

b) wait.

2. We saw her _____ her bag and draw out a small portable tape-recorder.

a) open;

b) to open.

3. He expects me _______ this text at the recital.

a) read;

b) to read.

4. The Internal Revenue Service makes all Americans ______ their tax forms by April 15 every year.

a) to file;

b) file.

5. He lets me ______ in whenever I wish to.

a) to come;

b) come.

6. Finally the Smiths got a gardener _______ the grass around the hose.

a) cut;

b) to cut.

7. The workers helped us _______ the furniture absolutely free of charge.

a) to move;

b) move.

8. The examiner made us ________ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center.

a) show;

b) to show.

9. Since lightning was probably significant in the formation of life, understanding it might help us ______ life itself.

a) to understand;

b) understand.

10. Don’t make me ________.

a) to laugh;

b) laugh.

XVI. Translate into English:

1. Вы ожидаете, что работа будет сделана скоро?

2. Он не любит прерывать кого-либо.

3. Вы хотите, чтобы мы встретились сегодня?

4. Я рада, что мне дали эту книгу.

5. Вы хотите, чтобы дети играли здесь?

6. Мы ожидаем, что они хорошо проведут у нас время.

7. Я хочу, чтобы он закончил эту работу.

8. Мы слышали, что она знает, когда мы сдаем экзамен.

9. Вы хотите, чтобы мы обсудили этот вопрос сегодня?

10. Она рада, что ее встретили на станции.

11. Мне очень жаль, что я вас сейчас беспокою.

12. Мы ожидаем, что на этом месте будет построен новый дом.

13. Вы хотели бы, чтобы работа была сделана сегодня?

14. Мы хотим проинформировать вас.

15. Вы хотите, чтобы я помог вам?

XVII. Translate into English:

1. Я хочу, чтобы вы выполнили эту работу сегодня.

3. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как она говорит по-английски?

4. Никто не заметил, как она ушла?

5. Кого вы считаете лучшим студентом в этой группе?

6. Я полагаю, что Петр хорошо знает французский.

7. Мы ожидаем (надеемся), что вы примете участие в этой работе.

8. Говорят, что Николай живёт сейчас в Санкт-Петербурге.

9. Сообщают, что делегация прибыла.

10. Известно, что Москва была основана Юрием Долгоруким.

11. Ожидают, что эти документы опубликуют в газетах.

12. Анна, кажется, уезжает на следующей неделе.

13. Он оказался хорошим специалистом.

14. Погода, вероятно, изменится.

15. Они обязательно приедут сюда осенью.

16. Мы полагаем, что собрание будет проведено в конце недели.

17. Он почувствовал, что кто-то идет за ним, и обернулся.

18. Можно считать, что этот вопрос уже решен.

XVIII. Translate into English:

1. Известно, что студенты сдают экзамены дважды в году.

2. Объявили, что самолет задерживается.

3. Говорят, что он сдал все экзамены на отлично.

4. Известно, что первые Олимпийские игры состоялись в 1896 году в Афинах.

5. Кажется, я знаю этого человека.

6. Вряд ли погода изменится в ближайшее время.

7. Фильм оказался интереснее, чем мы предполагали.

8. Оказывается, мы знакомы.

9. Вы случайно не знаете их адреса?

10. Известно, что когда-то Британские острова были частью материка Европы.

11. Они обязательно придут, они обещали.

12. Может быть, лектор ссылался на эту статью, но я не помню.

13. Неужели она давно работает над этой темой? Она не опубликовала ни одной статьи.

14. Никто не подходит к телефону, должно быть, все ушли.

15. Не может быть, чтобы она об этом забыла.

16. Почему вы уехали так рано? Вам надо было остаться у нас до конца каникул.

17. Она может не прийти.

18. Не надо было брать книгу из библиотеки, я мог вам дать свою.

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