Evaluate the unity and specify the differences between philosophy and science as two forms of rationality

Identify the difference between externalism and internalism in science. Give examples of each.

Externalism explains the development of science to external causes (polit., An ideal-mi, mi-social, and cultural sotso) external drive.

Internalism development of science has an internal (immonentny) character.

But both right, the principle of complementarity.

Externalism - the direction in historiography and the theory of scientific development, according to which science as a system of knowledge and a social institution is immanent, chastyusotsiokultury their limits, and therefore feels on the part of a significant impact as a whole and as a collection of subsystems. It is impossible to explain the internal causes, such as the creation of geometry as a theoretical system of knowledge.

Internalism (from the Latin internus - internal) recognizes the driving force behind the development of science-related factors intrinsic nature of scientific knowledge: the logic of the solution to his problems, the relation of tradition and innovation (the main driving force for the development of science constitute the internal needs of the science itself, its goals, problems and research programs). The development of science can be regarded as a self-organizing process of the interaction of various forms and elements of scientific knowledge, which does not depend on any external factors.

The unity of the origin of philosophy and science, philosophical, ideological, scientific and theoretical knowledge is not in doubt. Philosophy and science as "links in a single chain" in the direction of the human intellect to comprehend the basics of life, in the sphere of natural philosophy, cosmology, ontology coincide with each other.

Philosophy is not a science of all sciences, ie it is not necessary over the private disciplines, as well as it can not be one of the special sciences among others.

But philosophy, unlike science, it makes a universal judgment and strives to reveal the metaphysical laws of the whole world as a whole.

Another difference from the philosophy of science is that science has traditionally been abstracted from the problem of values ​​and from making value judgments. She seeks the truth - that there is in the things themselves, not wanting to talk, good or bad is the fact that it finds. In other words, science is responsible mainly on the questions of "why?", "How?" And "how?", But prefers not to ask metaphysical questions such as "why?" And "why?"..

10 Expand the concept “quantifier of existence”.

Quantifier of existence (existential quantifier) in predicate logic - the predicate property or relation to at least one of the domain element. Is denoted by a logical operator ∃ (pronounced "exists" or "for some"). Quantifier of existence must be distinguished from the universal quantifier, claiming that the said property or relation holds for all elements of the field.

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