The international experience of quality management products in the enterprise. 3 страница

30 Strategy production management - Strategic management is not a set of rules but rather a philosophy or ideology of business and management. Strategic management can be considered as a dynamic totality of five interrelated management processes:defining mission and goals (long-term and short-term);environmental analysis (macro, immediate environment and internal environment of the organization);strategy selection;vypolnennye;evaluation and monitoring of implementation.The most important component of strategic management is the implementation of the strategic plan.The implementation process has an active reverse effect on the scheduling, which further enhances the importance of the execution phase. A universal strategy. Michael porter (Harvard University) argues that the company can follow one of three types of strategies:Renoveerimise;Productavailability;focusing on the consumer or product. The development stage strategiia relation to consumers...1.To know their immediate and end customers and work with them as a team.This is the first and most important principle. All the rest describe how to better serve the consumer.2.To be committed to continuous, rapid improvement in quality, flexibility, variation of parameters and services, reducing costs and reaction time.In relation to your company: Achieve shared goals through open communication and involvement of the whole team (team) in the planning and implementation of changes. The competitors need to know:metadatablock;power;snowdistance;relations with suppliers and customers;cost;quality;flexibility;reaction time

31 Technical and economic characteristics of production - Type of production - the totality of its organizational, technical and economic characteristics. The production type is determined by the following factors:- range of products;- production volume;- the degree of permanence of the product line;- character download jobs.Depending on the level of concentration and specialization, there are three kinds of production:- the unit;- serial;- mass.By types of production are classified enterprises, stations and individual workstations. The type of production of the enterprise is determined by the type of production of the host plant and type of production plant - characteristics of the site where performed the most important operations and the bulk of our production assets.The assignment of plant to a particular type of production is conditional, because in the enterprise and even in some shops may be a combination of different types of production.Unit production is characterized by the wide nomenclature of manufactured products, small volume production implementation in each workplace are very diverse operations.In mass production, produced a relatively limited range of products (batches). At one workplace, usually enshrined j several operations.Mass production is characterized by a narrow range and high volume of production manufactured continuously for extended periods of time in highly specialized jobs.Type of production has a decisive influence on the characteristics of the organization of production, its economic performance, cost structure (unit production a high proportion of human labor, and mass - costs for repair and operational needs and maintenance of equipment), different level of equipment.

32 inventory of the enterprise: methods of economic analysis. In the General sense inventories are assets:1)inventories of raw materials, purchased semi-finished products and completing products, fuel, container and tare materials, spare parts, other materials intended for use in the production or performing of works and services.2)progress; 3)finished products; 4)goods intended for sale. Task inventory is providing the company with necessary material resources to ensure the company normal operation. In the production process, along with the means of labour, involved the objects of labor, which act as industrial stocks. In contrast to the means of labor, objects of labor involved in the production process only once, and their cost is fully included in the cost of production, making its material basis. Inventories relate to working capital and used, as a rule, within one year or the normal cycle in the production of products, performance of works and rendering of services, or available-for-sale.. Analysis of inventory should begin with the analysis of the dynamics of composition and structure of assets of balance that allows you to set the size of the absolute and relative increase or decrease of the total assets of the enterprise and its separate types. The increase in assets is a positive indicator the work of the enterprise, as it testifies to its further development.However, when analyzing assets need to find out how they are placed and that more attention was paid in the reporting year, what is the status of the production potential of the enterprise, fixed assets, what is the mobility of property. For this, first of all, determine the size and potential of the enterprise according to the method in which the cost includes the cost of fixed assets, production stocks, unfinished production, animals in growing and fattening.

33 quality Control of products in the company - Under the management of product quality understand the constant, systematic, purposeful process of impact on all levels of the factors and conditions that ensure the production of optimum quality and proper usage. Until recently, when addressing the quality issues of the enterprise focused on the technical quality of products without taking into account the needs of the market. However, it should be noted that our quality management system has made a significant contribution to the development of approaches to quality control of products throughout the world. In this issue domestic experience considered in the development of international standards for quality systems. The control system of quality of production represents set of governing bodies and management objects, events, methods and means aimed at establishing, promoting and maintaining a high level of product quality. The system of quality management includes the following functions:strategic, tactical and operational management.Functions of decision-making, control, analysis and accounting, information and control.Functions specialized and common to all stages of the product life cycle.The functions of the office for scientific, technical, industrial, social and economic factors and conditions.In accordance with the international standards of ISO 9000 are allocated to the policy in the field of quality and quality system, including the provision of, improving and managing product quality.

34 Management of production stocks of principal stocks in the company and Industrial stocks — is the means of production, received in the warehouses of the company, but has not been involved in the production process.The creation of such reserves helps to ensure the goods in shops and at workplaces in accordance with the process requirements. Reducing inventory reduces the cost of their maintenance, reduces costs, accelerates the turnover of working capital, which ultimately increases the profit and profitability of production. It is therefore very important to optimize the value of stocks.Inventory management at the company involves the following functions:1. the development of norms of stocks for all items consumed materials;2. the correct placement of inventory in the warehouses of the enterprise;3. organization effective operational control of inventory levels and take necessary measures to maintain the normal condition;4. creating the necessary material base to accommodate the inventory and provide their quantitative and qualitative safety.The valuation of inventories is the determination of their minimum size according to the types of material resources to ensure uninterrupted production.In the valuation of inventories is first determined by the norms of inventories in days, and then in physical and monetary terms.In the transformation of raw materials into final product and the subsequent movement of this product to the end user is created d at a o n o n s x V I d a s a p as in a (Fig. 56): - production stocks; - the inventory, each of which in turn is divided into three categories:- current inventory;- inventory insurance;- seasonal stocks. Let us characterize each of these types of stocks. Reserves production and reserves, within all sectors of the sphere of material production, designed for industrial consumption. The purpose of the creation of inventories to ensure uninterrupted manufacturing process. An example inventory can serve as stocks of materials for production of shoes in the warehouses supply a Shoe factory.The inventory stocks of finished goods at manufacturers, and stocks on the route of goods from the supplier to the consumer, that is, at the enterprises of wholesale and retail, procurement organizations and stock in transit.A inventory divided, in turn, the stocks of means of production and articles of consumption. For example, the stocks of metal in warehouses of the sales force metal logicheskogo plant relates to stock of means of production (metal prepared for implementation, however, allowed him to manufacture the buyer).Example of inventory of commodities can serve as a stock of ready-made shoes at the warehouse of a Shoe factory.As already mentioned, production and inventories are divided into current, insurance and seasonal.The current inventory is the main part of the production and inventory. They ensure the continuity of production or trading process between successive deliveries.Stocks insurance - designed for continuous supply of materials or goods the production or trading process in case of various unforeseen circumstances such as:variations in the frequency and size of parties of deliveries stipulated in the contract;potential delays of materials or goods in transit during delivery from suppliers;unexpected growth of demand.Stocks seasonally formed by the seasonal nature of production, consumption or transport. An example of a seasonal character of production can serve the production of agricultural products. The seasonal nature of consumption has the consumption of gasoline during the harvest. The seasonal nature of transportation caused, as a rule, the lack of a permanently functioning roads. 35 Management of working time in the enterprise. Rational use of working time in the enterprise begins with the establishment of appropriate working conditions at the enterprise. There are:1) change of regime of work and rest determines the length of shifts, their start and end times,duration and end of breaks in work;2) the daily regime of work and rest includes the number of shifts per day;3) weekly regime of work and rest provides for different work schedules, the number of days off per week,work on weekends or holidays, the system of duty shifts;4) monthly mode of work and rest determines the number of working and non-working days in a given month number of employees who receive vacation.Rules the middle of the day:1. Avoid actions that have not been thought out and planned.2. Do similar small tasks for each other.3. Select among the working day short time for rest, when you will not be disturbed.4. Ensure that your actions and the actions of subordinates was laid as scheduled.5.The gaps between the cases and the time associated with waiting, fill other things.6.Try to maintain the same pace of work, do not use "choppy".7.Try to make time when the intensity reaches its peak up to this point the work should be developed incrementally, after this point, the activity should decrease. 36 the Formation of the production plan, the Graphical and network models In many areas of Economics, technology, design, construction, and scientific research are important tasks of optimizing the allocation of resources (human, financial, etc.). Special importance is attached to these tasks in terms of new projects when running a huge number of interchangeable operations, the work involves many workers, enterprises, organizations, as in these cases, the managing work is complicated by the novelty of the development, the difficulty of defining the timing and resource requirements at a particular stage. Highly effective tools for solving such problems are network methods and models.Basic concepts of network simulation.The network model (other names: network, network) is called a mathematical model that reflects the range of works (operations) and events related to the implementation of a project (research, production etc.), in their logical and technological consistency and communication. The analysis of the network model, presented in graphical or tabular (matrix) form, allows, first, to identify more precisely the relationship of the stages of the project and, secondly, to determine the most optimal order of execution of these stages in order, for example, reducing time of performance of all complex of works. Thus, the network simulation can be attributed to methods of optimal decision making.The network is a formalized description of works in a logical sequence for their implementation with the documentary recording all identified relationships.Network elements: work;events;tracks.The work is process or action that you need to make to move from one event to another.Varieties:the actual work – labour process, requires time and resources;dependence or "dummy" job logical link between activities, which does not require any investment of time or resources but indicates that the possibility of starting one job directly depends on the results of the other.Image: mostly vector on the chart (solid and discontinuous arrows).The event is an intermediate stage in the progress of the work on the project, which indicates that all previous work performed and may be initiated later.Varieties:the initial event, which directly follows this work;the final event, which immediately precedes this work;the source – event with no history of the works and reflects the initial conditions of the project implementation;final – an event that has no follow-up work and reflecting the outcomes of the project.Image: mostly geometric shapes on the chart (circles, rectangles).A path is any sequence works in a network in which the end event of one job coincides with the start event the following work.Varieties:the full path is the path from the initial to the final event. Critical path – the full path of the maximum duration.

37 formation of the production program - An integral part of the overall plan of the enterprise is a productive program.The production program is developed and detailed plan for the production and sale of products that reflect the volume, range, assortment and quality of products.Through the production program is implemented, the main task of functioning of any enterprise which is in production and profit.The company production program is based on marketing research.The company conducts marketing researches in two directions: a search of the relevant market segment and assessment of the possible output.The nomenclature and product range are one of the major indicators of the production program of the enterprise.The product range is a list of the various products in the enterprise program that defines the main directions of production and its specialization.The product range is extended (in comparison with the nomenclature) a set of varieties of products of certain names, differing technical and economic characteristics (such as size, quality, appearance, etc D.).Every enterprise produces certain cuts of COP (items) and specific product structure.From the manufacturer's perspective, the narrower the range, the easier Assor Timentina structure of products, the better and simpler organization and technology of production, the lower production costs and higher, ceteris paribus, profitability. The same applies to updating of assortment and nomenclature of products.The consumer, on the other hand, is interested in expansion of assortment of production, in constant upgrade.The concept of optimized assortment, optimized the structure of production is very difficult; even more difficult task of finding of optimal variants of the range and structure of products.Planning of production is a systematic decision-making on all aspects of development and product management of the enterprise, including the creation of brand and packaging. A well-structured plan allows you to develop appropriate marketing programs, coordinate the collection of goods.Formation of the production program consists of several stages.In the first stage, all products are ranked taking into account the interests of the company and its sales. To this end, developed a ranking table on the basis of expert estimations of experts.In the second stage estimate the parameters (indicators), depending on the purpose and situation, such as, reliability, cost effectiveness, security, efficiency, compliance, fashion, design, etc. the value of the parameters is entered in the table in the sequence, which estimates the market.Assessment of the quality of the products is taken as the standard, which when zhivaetsja value is equal to one.Experts estimate the quality of the products launched you and put the appropriate rating.The third stage is determined by the degree of demand of products on the market.There are four levels of demand: unlimited, limited, occasional, zero.Demand is an economic category, typical of commodity– ry night economy and reflecting the total social demand for various goods, taking into account the solvency of buyers.Formation of the production program consists of several stages.In the first stage, all products are ranked taking into account the interests of the company and its sales. To this end, developed a ranking table on the basis of expert estimations of experts.In the second stage estimate the parameters (indicators), depending on the purpose and situation, such as, reliability, cost effectiveness, security, efficiency, compliance, fashion, design, etc. the value of the parameters is entered in the table in the sequence, which estimates the market.Assessment of the quality of the products is taken as the standard, which when zhivaetsja value equal to one. Experts estimate the quality of the products launched you and put the appropriate rating.The third stage is determined by the degree of demand of products on the market.There are four levels of demand: unlimited, limited, occasional, zero.Demand is an economic category, typical of commodity– ry night economy and reflecting the total social demand for various goods, taking into account the solvency of buyers.

5 of the following elements: the cost of purchased materials, transport costs, rent, taxes, aging of materials, cost of processing and handling, insurance,

a) what are the elements in the cost of delivery? Cost of supply: cost of goods, transport costs, cost of processing and handling.

b) what are the elements in the cost of content? Content costs: insurance, rent, operating costs, bondage means taxes.

What determines the size of the order?

a) the magnitude of the costs of placing an order;

b) the magnitude of the costs of reserve storage;

C) from both

According to the order quantity allocated two types of costs:

1). Semi-fixed costs, the value of which per unit of the subject is reduced by increasing the size of the party of order.

2).Variable costs, the value of which increases with increasing order.

6 how the system manages inventory with independent demand?

a) the system with fixed size (volume) of the order;

b) the system with fixed time interval between orders;

C) both systems.

In systems with fixed order quantity is constantly monitored inventory levels. When the amount drops below a set level, issued an order for replenishment. Ordered always the same number. Thus fixed in this system is the level at which the repeated order and quantity ordered. System with fixed order quantities are most appropriate for stocks with the following characteristics:• High cost of supplies;• High cost of storage material and technical supplies;• High ravenodara that occurs in the absence of reserves;• Discounts depending on the ordered quantity;• Relatively unpredictable or random nature of the demand.

The second system (with a fixed interval of time between orders) provides for the following sequence of operations order preparation:• set the frequency control reserves, focused on the delivery schedule of the supplier;• calculate the value of required reserves as the sum of the quantities sold during the period inventory control and for the waiting time of delivery and the number of STV. APB stock;• prepares and executes the schedule control of inventory levels;• the decision on the size of the order – specifies the number of components;• the order will be sent on the scheduled day.

In a system with a fixed time interval orders for replenishment are placed at specified intervals, e.g. once in two weeks. The quantity ordered is impermanent and depends on the available balance.

7. What parameters characterize the system of inventory management with independent demand and fixed time interval?

a)the maximum anticipated inventory;

b) the maximum stock at the time of order replenishment;

C) point of order;

d) the control period of the stock.

system inventory management with independent demand fixed interval of time, characterized by three parameters:

Im the maximum anticipated inventory;

The second maximum at the time of order replenishment;

period t inventory control.

1 Годовой расход материалов на предприятии - 200 т, цена материала - 80 тыс. тг. за тонну. Транспортные расходы за доставку материалов - 550 тыс. тг. Стоимость размещения заказа - 100 тыс. тг. Предполагаемая ставка годового процента - 0,05.

2 Для чего предназначен гарантийный запас? а) он необходим, если спрос превышает прогноз или соответствующего материала производится меньше, чем запланировано; фактическое время исполнения данного заказа превышает обычный срок; б) для оптимального размера закупки, для поддержания запасов.

Гарантийный запас Гарантийный запас - страховой запас сырья или ресурсов, предназначенный для обеспечения производства при отклонениях в режимах поставки.

ВАРИАНТ ОТВЕТА: А)

Дата добавления: 2017-02-01