Текста по-английски

Sir Isaac Newton was a supergenius of science who among

other things invented calculus (исчисление), stated the laws of

gravity and optics. But it turned out (оказываться) Newton also

made mistakes. The University of Chicago announced recently that

R. Garusto, 23, a physicist, had discovered in one of Newton's calculations

an error that had been undetected for three centuries.

The young scientist discovered it while he was studying Newton's

masterpiece (шедевр) of physics «Principia» (1687). Newton

had derived (выводить) a figure for the Earth's mass based on his

new theory that a single force — gravity — governed (управлять)

falling bodies on the Earth and the motion of planets around the

Sun. The calculation depended on the angle (угол) between two

lines from the Earth to the Sun, but because that angle was not exactly

known at the time, Newton used slightly different figures in

«Principia». It was that mistake that the young scientist found, a

discovery that was soon confirmed (подтвердить) by other physicists.

The mistake has no influence on Newton's theory, but its discovery

was enough to get him a prize from the University of

Chicago.

Text 5D

Прочитайте текст и расскажите по-английски, из каких зданий состоит

комплекс Библиотеки Конгресса и каким известным деятелям посвящено

каждое из них. Найдите предложения со словами houses и numbers, переведите

и запомните их значения.

The Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is the Nation's library in the USA. It

serves not only to members and committees of the Congress, but to

libraries throughout the USA and the world and to the scholars, researchers

and scientists who use it.

Its foundation was laid in 1815 when President Thomas Gefferson

offered his personal library accumulated for 50 years and

considered one of the best in the United States at that time as the

basis for a great national library.

Now the Library of Congress complex on Capital Hill includes

three buildings. The Thomas Gefferson Building, which has been

built in Italian Renaissance style, is the oldest of them. It was the

largest and costliest (роскошный) library building in the world

when it was completed in 1897. It is decorated with splendid sculpture,

murals (фрески) created by 50 American artists. Its Main

Reading Room is 160 feet high.

The Room houses a collection of 45,000 reference books

(справочники), a part of the extensive main catalog of more than

23 million cards and desks for 212 readers. The Computer Catalog

Center provides public access (доступ) to the Library's automated

catalog.

The simply designed John Adams Building faced with white

marble (мрамор) was opened in 1939. Sculptures on its large

bronze doors represent 12 famous writers.

The white marble James Madison Memorial Building opened in

1980 more than doubled the Library's available Capitol Hill space.

The building which is the official memorial to the Nation's fourth

President contains the James Madison Memorial Hall, exhibition

areas, eight reading rooms, offices and storage areas for collections

which number over 50 million items (предметов).

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Улражнение 1. А. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания из текста ЗА и

постарайтесь догадаться о значении выделенных слов в данном контексте.

1. the word «electronics» is in general usage

2. more perfect electronic circuits

3. billions of operations

4. what can be regarded as

5. the still youthful electronic age

B. Подберите к каждому выделенному в А слову или словосочетанию соответствующее

ему по значению.

a. excellent, exact, accurate

b. combination of written symbols forming vocabulary of a

language

с consider

d. great or long period of time with special characteristics

e. one thousand million (GB), 10^ (US)

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте текст и найдите эквиваленты следующим

словам и словосочетаниям:

1. number

2. tiny

3. not likely to change

4. signal to ring a bell at a fixed (certain) time

5. divide into two equal parts

6. watch that is used to time sport events, such as a race, to a fraction (small

part) of a second

7. a place between the hand and the arm

8. not fast, slowly

9. smth. that helps smb. to remember, not to forget

10. start or begin a process

11. Hertz (Hz)

12. speed

Digital Watch

In a digital watch the mechanical parts of the traditional mechanical

wristwatch have been replaced by a vibrating quartz crystal

to keep time. The vibrating quartz crystal is controlled by

minute electronic circuits. One of the advantages of quartz is that it

is very stable. The artificial quartz crystals used in digital watches

are designed to vibrate up to 32,768 cycles per second when the

current from a battery is passed through them.

These vibrations produce electric pulses. As the pulses travel

through the electronic circuits of the microchip, their rate is gradually

halved. The result is a pulse rate of one per second.

Each one-second pulse triggers the microchip to send signals to

the liquid crystal display to advance the numerals by one second.

The pulses are also used to control different functions. Such a digital

watch can show the day and date; it can have an alarm and a reminder

and can act as a stopwatch with an accuracy of 1/100th

second.

Упражнение 3. Прочитайте следующие определения компьютерных терминов,

дайте русские эквиваленты выделенных слов и словосочетаний. Переведите

предложения.

1. Hardware means the different types of equipment a computer

consists of.

2. A computer's hardware comprises a central processing unit

(CPU) which is the heart and brain of the computer.

3. Input and output devices capable of putting information into

a computer and getting it out of it are types of peripheral equipment.

Peripherals are the units connected to the CPU: input devices,

output devices and storage devices.

4. The simplest and most common type of input device is a keyboard,

containing a typewriter keyboard.

5. A laser printer is a kind of output device to print information.

6. Software means the programs needed to operate computer

equipment.

7. These programs are on disks, the hard disks inside the computer,

or floppy disks, or on CD-ROMs, that is. Compact Disk

Read Only Memory, which you can put on or store a large amount

of information. A disk is a storage device made of flat circular

plates with magnetizable surfaces. A hard disk is a disk made from a

solid magnetic material and used as a storage device. A floppy disk

(also called diskette) is a disk made of flexible plastic material upon

which data are stored on magnetic tracks. Tracks are areas marked

on the surface of a disk. A disk drive is the electronic mechanism

that actually reads what is on a disk. In hard disks, the disk and the

drive are built into a single unit.

8. A word processor is a computer used to write documents, letters

and reports, or the software that is used for this purpose.

9. Databases are programs, which allow you to store, look at or

change a large quantity of information quickly and easily.

10. Graphics are pictures and symbols a computer program can

produce.

11. An extra copy on a floppy disk is called a back-up copy, a

copy of data or software, usually kept in case the original disk is

damaged or destroyed.

12. A bug possible in a computer operation, also a virus is a

software problem or error in a program. Debugging means correcting

program errors or bugs.

13. People send e-mail (electronic mail) messages with the help

of the Internet, a system that lets computers connect by telephone

lines.

14. A laptop is a portable computer weighing about 2—4 kg.

15. With a device called the mouse you can do a number of

things by clicking on different icons.

16. A mouse is a small input device, on the top of which there

are one or more buttons for communicating with the computer.

17. Clicking is a basic mouse action to place a cursor to close a

window, etc.

18. An icon is a small picture representing an object, process or

function.

Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски, образуя общеизвестные компьютерные

термины. Запомните их.

1. data...

2. integrated... or chip

3. soft...

4.... ROM

5. hard...

6. floppy...

7.... disk

8. input, output...

9. super...

10. physical...

11.... network

12. mini...

13.... copy

14. fifth... computer

15.... processor

16. e-...

17.... age

18. photon...

19.... writer

20. key...

21. laser...

22. mini...

Упражнение 5. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.

Verb, Noun

create

act

compete

attract

...

expense

sense

mass

Adjective

...

possessive

...

competitive

...

comparative

...

...

...

Упражнение 6. Назовите прилагательные с суффиксом -ible/'able, означающие:

1) that can be done, can exist, happen;

2) that cannot be done, cannot exist, happen;

3) that can be used;

4) that may be obtained, can be used;

5) that may be relied on;

6) that cannot be relied on;

7) which may be questioned;

8) which may not be questioned;

9) absolutely essential.

Упражнение 7. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.

Noun

availability

capability

reliability

quality

quantity

indispensability

Adjective

...

...

usable

...

Adverb

questionably

—

...

possibly

...

...

intensively

—

Упражнение 8. A. Назовите 15-20 ключевых слов и выражений на тему

«Computer».

В. Speak about:

1. А lot of people are becoming computer literate (have experience

of working with computers and know how to use them). Are

you computer literate? Do you find most computers «userfriendly

» (easy to use)?

2. The Internet and its influence on our daily life. Can it help

people from different countries to learn English?

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27