Переведите

Television

The television set is evidently the most important and popular

electronic product of all time. All homes in developed countries

have one or more TV sets and in many countries there are considerably

more TV sets than telephones.

But in 1939 at the World's Fair in New York a tiny nine-bytwelve

inch box was the centre of attention for hundreds of people.

They were the first to see a television set in action. Compared to today's

TV shows of underwater and outer-space research, those first

black-white pictures were not very good. The pictures were only

transmitted from one side of the Fair territory to the other. But in

1939 they were of historical importance.

Within a few days the news of television spread throughout the

world. A lot of people wanted to have a look^ at the new invention.

Everyone was interested in it. But only few people owned television

sets in the next few years. When World War II broke out^ electronic

factories that began the TV production stopped making them and

started making war materials instead. When the war was over, TV

sets began coming off factory assembly lines. By 1958 there were

millions of them.

In a surprisingly short time people watched fewer films and

turned from newspapers and magazines to TV. In its short history

television has had great influence on people's life and way of thinking.

Rocket-launching, concerts and football and tennis matches

can be seen direct as they occur. The boundaries of time and space

have disappeared.

At present TV communication is provided with the help of a

system of artificial earth satellites so that people living in different

parts of the country and all over the world and in different time

zones are able to watch the central TV programs at the most convenient

hours.

Nowadays many countries also have cable TV, a system using

wires for the transmission of television programs (like telephone

calls). Cable television first appeared in 1949 as a means of transmitting

TV signals to rural and mountain areas far from big cities.

Cable television's next big step forward was made by the mid —

1980s. Scientists announced that many technical problems had

been solved and in the future it would be possible via satellite and

cable TV to use more channels on a TV set at every home in the

world.

Then we saw how a new technical invention, colour television,

was rapidly replacing black-and-white television. Recently it was

reported that the first pocket-size^ colour television set had been

developed. It was stated that a liquid-crystal display^ was used similar

to those on calculators and watches and that it weighed less

than a pound.

A few years ago it became evident that the next major advance

for TV would be digital television. In a digital system the usual continuous

signal is replaced by a digital code containing detailed information

on brightness, colour, etc. A digital TV set hangs on the

wall like a picture. Essentially, it is a minicomputer with a visual

display. Once a week^ you put the programs you like into the

memory, and the TV set will automatically switch on the desired

channel at the right time. You can watch several programs simultaneously

on miniscreens and then produce one of them in full format.

Also, the TV set can automatically video-record the programs

when you are absent or occupied.

By the end of 1980s television has moved to a new and the most

important stage in its development since the appearance of colour

television. Technically it is called high-definition television

(HDTV)^ or Hi-Vision. This is the much higher resolution television^

of the 21st century. This revolution was started by Japanese

manufacturers when they developed a new video system with a picture

resembling a wide-screen film more than traditional television.

The new system increases the screen's width-to-height ratio^

(16:9). The result is a picture several times shaфer than in the existing

TV sets. Besides, recent developments in plasma display panel

technology^ make HDTV commercially practicable. The plasma

display makes it possible to produce a large, bright, colour, flat TV

screen so thin and light that it can also be hung on a wall like a

framed picture. The engineering problem that has existed almost

since the first days of television may be solved now.

Notes to the Text

1. to have a look — взглянуть, посмотреть

2. to break out — начаться, разразиться

3. pocket-size — карманный

4. liquid-crystal display — устройство изображения на жидких

кристаллах

5. once a week — раз в неделю

6. high-definition television (HDTV) — телевидение высокой

четкости

7. high resolution television — телевидение с большим разрешением

8. width-to-height ratio — отношение ширины к высоте

9. plasma display panel technology — производство плазменных

панелей

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 11. Просмотрите текст 4А и ответьте на вопросы.

1. When did the first TV set appear? 2.Were people interested in

the new invention? 3. Why was the TV production stopped in 1940?

4. What is cable television? 5. What is digital television? 6. What is

high-definition television?

Упражнение 12. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют

содержанию текста 4А.

1. А lot of people owned television sets in the first years after its

invention. 2. First television black-and-white pictures were excellent.

3. Only few people owned television sets in the next few years

after their appearance. 4. Black-and-white television was rapidly

replacing colour television. 5. First television black-and-white pictures

were not very good. 6. Only a few years ago colour television

was rapidly replacing black-and-white television. 7. When the war

was over, TV sets stopped coming off factory assembly lines. 8. After

World War И TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines.

Упражнение 13. Найдите в тексте 4А предложения, в которых использовано

правило согласования времен, и переведите их.

Упражнение 14. Прочитайте и укажите способы присоединения придаточных

дополнительных предложений к главному.

1. It was reported in 1939 that the first TV set was shown at the

World Fair in New York. 2. The students wanted to know whether

colour television sets were produced at that plant. 3. After the war

when the mass production of TV sets began, people realized they

wanted to have a TV set at home. 4. Experiments proved that electricity

could travel instantly over a long piece of wire. 5. Can you

tell me whether satellites are used for telephone communication?

6. It became clear television had a great influence on people's life.

7. Russian newspapers informed that about 2,000 satellites had

been launched into the orbit. 8. We did not know whether the development

of television had continued during the war. 9. We know

he works at the problem of space communication.

Упражнение 15. Прочитайте и найдите предложения, где использовано

правило согласования времен.

1. Some years ago India began its Satellite Instructional Television

Experiment. This experiment showed (that) satellite television

programs had been a success with schoolchildren, their knowledge

level had increased considerably. It was found that children could

remem^ber and speak about programs which they had seen several

wee^^^ack. 2. Many experts could not decide whether so much

TV was harmful to the individual's health and mental activity or

not. 3. Specialists did not know if it was possible to continue modernizing

the electronic equipment of this kind — the costs were too

high. 4. There appeared some reports that we had technical means

to use much more channels on a TV set and we should be able to

see many sports and news programs from all parts of the world

soon. 5. At first it was not clear whether new telephone and teletype

communication with ships via six satellites was economical and reliable

or not. 6. It was announced that the cryogenic cable had been

invented in Russia. 7. We read that for the first time electricity had

been applied for industrial use in silver workshops in Paris. 8. We

know different transmitters are used in a television system — one

for the sound channel and the other for the picture channel. 9. We

learnt from the lecture that electricity was still considered the main

source for new technological developments.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

Упражнение 16. Выберите правильный перевод следующих слов:

attention — внимательно, внимательный, внимание;

surprisingly — удивительный, удивление, удивительно;

recorder — записывающее устройство, запись, записывать;

convenient — удобство, удобный, созывать;

numerous — бесчисленный, количество, многочисленный.

Упражнение 17. Назовите основу, от которой образованы следующие

слова:

development, conveniently, communication, production, continuous,

beginning, transmitter, action, recorder, electronic, si-

muitaneousiy, different, usable, central, calculator, possibility,

disconnect.

Упражнение 18. Выпишите сначала синонимы, а затем антонимы.

tiny — small; to disappear — to appear; a lot of — many; different

— various; next — following; short — long; to watch — to see;

program — show; commonly — usually; less — more; possible — impossible;

true — untrue; small — large; nowadays — at present,

now; large — tremendous; advance — progress; to start — to begin;

major — main; to report — to announce; to occur — to take place;

convenient — suitable.

Упражнение 19. Расположите слова в алфавитном порядке.

true, picture, telephone, communication; world, research, assembly,

invention; own, beginning, telegraph, central; satellite,

first, artificial, convenient; turn, videotape, transmit, size.

Упражнение 20. Назовите в следующих парах первое по алфавиту слово.

concept/concert; complete/compare; invention/invasion; available/

availability; commonly/commonless; commune/commit; compulsory/

compunction.

Упражнение 21. Напишите исходную форму, по которой нужно искать

слово в словаре.

boxes, matches, beginning, tinier, owned, boundaries, possibly,

replacing, less.

Упражнение 22. Найдите в словаре подходящее значение для выделенных

слов или словосочетаний.

1. The Japanese companies developed the first pocket-size colour

television set. 2. Man first set foot on the Moon in July, 1969.

3. Special telephone sets are used at plants in tropical sea climate.

4. A great Russian scientist A.N. Krylov took an active part in the

work of the first Atomic Commission set up at the Optical Institute.

5. It was Popov who constructed the first radio set. 6. One of

the global tasks nowadays is to set up solar power plants on high

orbits. 7. Ships are equipped with radar sets helping them to orient

at sea.

Упражнение 23. Найдите в словаре и запомните значения выделенных

слов.

1. New directions of research in robotics were discussed at the

last conference. 2. There is no direct connection between those

processes. 3. This program is directed toward the scientific study

of various physico-chemical processes. 4. Our scientists must direct

their attention to the development of new technologies. 5. Further

human progress is directly connected with the scientific and technological

progress. 6. Our task is to develop technological processes

without a direct participation of man. 7. The future of

mankind depends on the direction in which scientific and technological

progress will be developing. 8. There is a direct communication

between spacecrafts and the Earth, and between spacecrafts

as well.

Упражнение 24. Поставьте глагол, приведенный в скобках, в соответствующих

времени и форме.

The Life of а Student

While I (walk) across the campus (университетский городок)

the other day, I (meet) my old friend Bill, whom I (see, not) since

May. Naturally, we (stop) (talk) to each other for a few minutes. I

asked him how he (do) in his classes that semester. He told me that

he (take) a course in English that semester. He said that he (complete)

the elementary course two semesters before, and by the next

semester he (be) ready (take) the most difficult English course offered

at this school. He also said that he (be) interested in getting

his degree as soon as possible and he (ask, already) his adviser for

permission to take the final examination. «I am glad (hear) that you

(make) such good progress», I (say) to Bill. Then I asked him if he

(can) tell me the secret of his success. He answered that the secret

of his success (be) simple and he (study) at least two hours a day to

improve his English.

After that I told Bill I (have) a little difficulty with my course in

French at the moment. I said that I (study, not) very hard the last

semester, but I (work) harder in the future.

Упражнение 25. Прочитайте текст. Перескажите его содержание, используя

косвенную речь.

Albert Einstein liked the film with Charlie Chaplin. Once he

wrote a letter to Chaplin:

«Everybody in the world understands your film "Golden Fever"

("Золотая лихорадка"). You will become a great man by all

means.»

Chaplin's answer was:

«I like you even more. Nobody in the world understands your

"Theory of Relativity" and you have already become a great man.»

Упражнение 26. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их.

find, broke, putting, hung, began, seen.

Упражнение 27. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.

Recently it was reported in the press that the USA was trying to

build bigger, better and much more expensive TV sets. Experts declared

that it was the most important change in television since the

invention of colour television. They informed that a new kind of

television had images so clear that watching it was like looking

through a window.

But it became known that Japanese specialists had started their

work on HDTV when nobody else in the world was thinking how to

improve TV. The inventors expected that their standard for

high-definition television would be used throughout the world.

However, the Europeans have announced that they would set their

own standard. And now it is not clear whether the Japanese standard

will be used or not. Some people consider that a single

high-definition TV standard will allow to exchange news and may

bring nations together.

CONVERSATION

Exercise 1. Answer the questions.

1. What invention was the center of attention at the World

Fair in New York in 1939? (the first black-and-white television

set) 2. What stopped the TV production? (World War П) 3. What

influence has had television on people's life and way of thinking?

(great influence; boundaries of time and space have disappeared)

4. What kinds of TV exist now? (satellite, cable, colour, digital and

high-definition television) 5. What is the latest and the most important

stage in the development of television since the appearance

of colour television? (high-definition television) 6. What is the advantage

of high-definition television? (the television of much

higher resolution) 7. What technology makes HDTV commercially

practicable now? (plasma display panel technology)

Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.

1. The first black-and-white 1. has been replaced by colour

nine-by-twelve inch TV sets television.

2. In a surprisingly short time 2. the development of TV became

digital television in which the usual

signal is replaced by a digital code.

3. At present 3. were of historical importance

in 1939.

4. Satellite and cable TV makes 4. television has had great influit

possible ence on people's life and way of

thinking.

5. Recently black-and-white TV 5. is the most important stage in

the development of TV since the

appearance of colour television.

6. The next major advance in 6. to watch TV programs in different

parts of the country and

throughout the world.

7. The invention of high-defmi- 7. there are different kinds of teletion

television with a picture re- vision systems: satellite, cable, colsembling

a wide screen film our, pocket-size, digital, high-definition

television.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27