About optimization of a cargo transportation in innovative economy

PENSIONSYSTEMS ANDRETIREE'S WELL-BEING. EXPERIENCE OF BRICSCOUNTRIES

ATYPICAL EMPLOYMENT

Atypical employment is an umbrella term used to describe different forms of cooperation between employers and employees. The paper contains a list of criteria that can be used to differentiate atypical employment from traditional employment. This list includes economic, legal, organizational and social criteria. It is demonstrated that atypical employment can meet requirements of all parties of labor relations (employers, employees and state). It means that the legal regulation and practical implementation of atypical employment must be very flexible.

Key words: atypical employment, labor relations continuum, hybrids.

S. Eremina (e-mail: [email protected])

O. Kudelina (e-mail: [email protected])

Fu Sun (e-mail: [email protected])

It is focused on the adequacy of pensions as a condition to ensure a decent level of life and diversification of sources of retirement income. A comparative analysis of the pension systems of the BRICS countries was conducted for the 2011 - 2013 on five indicators: the average salary of the employee; pension replacement ratio; the ratio of wages and gross (and net) pension wealth, including gender differences; the ratio of assessed contributions to the pension system and the weighted average pension wealth; forecast public pension expenditure to 2050 - 2060. Obviously, the fourfold difference in the average salary in India as compared to South Africa cannot provide the same quality of life. Replacement rate of low and high earners changed from 0,86% to 2,63% in Brazil in South Africa, i.e. almost three times. The ratio of assessed contributions to the pension system and the weighted average pension wealth illustrates the increasing importance of the contribution of retirees and reducing the role of the state.

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Predictive changes in government spending for 1 year of pensioner's life in the 2050 - 2060 years as compared to 2010 also shows a significant change in the share of government spending from 0,47 to 0,93 in India in China. Only in Brazil is projected to increase government spending to 1,47 times.

Key words: quality of life; retiree's well-being; pension systems; BRICS, EU, OECD countries; forecast.

P. Kokhno ([email protected])

In article the theorem of the effective and resource optimum scheme of the organization of transportation of goods of innovative economy in new civilization model is formulated and proved. Thus on the basis of the logistic principles of cargo delivery models of creation of optimum schemes of a cargo transportation by railway, motor and river transport taking into account norms of loading of a rolling stock and their carrying opportunities are considered.

Key words: logistics, systems of delivery, transport, points of production, points of an attachment, optimum schemes of transportations.

K. Pavlov (e-mail: [email protected])

Дата добавления: 2015-05-29