Part II

Part I

The US Armed Forces.

Text A.

1.8.

I. Прочитайте 1-ю часть текста А, найдите:

1. Название документа, который послужил основой существующей организационной структуры Вооруженных Сил США.

2. Название видов Вооруженных Сил США.

3. Название департамента, в подчинении которого находится Береговая охрана.

4. Почему Береговая охрана считается видом Вооруженных сил?

1. The present military organizational structure is a result of the National Security Act of 1947. This is the same act that created the United States Air Force, and restructured the “War Department” into the “Department of Defense”.

The Department of Defense is headed by a civilian Secretary of Defense, who is appointed by the President of the United States. Under the Secretary of Defense, there are three military departments: The Department of the Army, the Department of the Air Force, and the Department of the Navy. Each of these military departments is also headed up by civilians: the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Air Force, and the Secretary of the Navy. These “service secretaries” are also appointed by the President.

The military heads of their Departments are their chiefs of Staffs.

The US Armed Forces include five Armed services (military services): the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.

The Army is commanded by a four-star general, known as the Army Chief of Staff. The Army Chief of Staff reports to the Secretary of the Army (for most matters). The top military member in the Air Force is the Air Force Chief of Staff. This four-star general reports (for most matters) to the Secretary of the Air Force. The Navy is commanded by a four-star admiral, called the Chief of Naval Operations. The Marines are commanded by a 4-star general called the Commandant of the Marine Corps. Both the Chief of Naval Operations and the Marine Corps Commandant report (for most matters) to the Secretary of the Navy.

These four “flag officers” make up a group called the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). The President selects one of these officers to head-up the JCS. That officer is known as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. For operational matters (such as war or conflict), the JCS by-passes the individual service secretaries and report directly to the Secretary of Defense, and the President.

Under the Constitution of the United States the President is Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

The Coast Guard does not fall under the Department of Defense. Until recently, the Coast Guard was under the Department of Transportation. Recent legislation has moved the Coast Guard to the newly created Department of Homeland Defense. However, the Coast Guard is considered a military service, because, during times of war or conflict, the President of the United States can transfer any or all assets of the Coast Guard to the Department of the Navy. The Coast Guard is commanded by a 4-star admiral, known as the Coast Guard Commandant go.

II. Прочитайте 2-ю часть текста А и скажите:

1. Какие задачи выполняют Сухопутные войска США?

2. С помощью, каких сил и боевых средств выполняют свои задачи Сухопутные войска?

3. Каково основное различие между резервом Сухопутных войск и Национальной гвардией Сухопутных войск?

Дата добавления: 2014-12-25