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I-Mutation
Independent Changes. Development of Monophthongs CHANGES IN OE VOWEL SYSTEM The PG short [a] and the long [a:], which had arisen in West and North Germanic, underwent similar alterations in Early OE: they were fronted arid, in the process of fronting, they split into several sounds. The principal regular direction of the change— [а]>[æ] and [а:]>[æ:] — is often referred to as the fronting or palatalisation of [a, a:]. The other directions can be interpreted as positional deviations or restrictions to this trend: short [a] could change to [o] оr [a] land long [a:] became [o:] before a nasal; the preservation (or, perhaps, the restoration) of the short [a] was caused by a back vowel in the next syllable — see the examples in the following table (sometimes [a] occurs in other positions as well, e.g. OE macian, land, NE make, land). Splitting of [a] and [a:] in Early Old English Gt pata OE pæt NE that Gt maõan OE maõan NE may The PG diphthongs (or sequences of monophthongs) — [ei, ai, iu, eu, au ] —underwent regular independent changes in Early UE; they took place in all phonetic conditions irrespective of environment. The diphthongs with the i-glide were monophthongised into [i:] and [a:], respectively; the diphthongs in -u were reflected as long diphthongs [io:], [eo:] and [ea:]. Old English Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Diphthongs (or Bi-Phonemic Sequences) Gt ains OE an NE one Gt reisan OE risan NE rise O Icel austr OE east NE east
The most important type of mutation is that caused by an i (or j) of the following syllable. This type is usually referred to as mutation. Mutation brings about a complete change in vowel quality: one phoneme is replaced by another. In the earliest OE documents mutation has already been completed. So, we conclude, that the process began in the 5th or 6th c. In OE i-mutation affects practically all vowels. Only short -e and -i have no connection with it. The result is the vowel -y. Similar explanation can be given of the other cases of mutation.
The i-mutation was significant for the phonemic structure of OE. As a result of it a new phoneme arouse which was different from the original one.
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