What to teach?

Educational

Of lessons, size of groups are taken into account while adopting practical aims.

Practical – relations between nations. The length of the course, frequency

Aims, content and principles

Substitution Tables – typical English sentences are arranged in tables for a learner to make up his own ones.

English through actions – a system of exercises

Grammar translation method

· Attention is paid to the assimilation of grammar rules of the FL.

· Translation is a means of explanation new words, grammar forms and structures

· Insistence upon grammatical analyses

· Grammatical categories are assumed to be defined in general terms with reference to meaning as they are common denominators of all languages

Communicative approach

Direct method

· Practical mastery of the language as a main purpose

· Spoken language as a basis of teaching

· Ignoring mother tongue

· Restricted application or complete elimination of translation

· Visual aids and oral/written exercises

· Inductive approach to teaching grammar (individual discovery of the grammar rules after numerous exercises)

· Emphasize on teaching pronunciation

· Attention to the subjects of the text

It establishes a direct connection between a foreign word and a notion it denotes without the help of a native tongue. It started to spread at the end of the 19^th c – beginning of the 20^th c. by F. Gouin, M. Berlitz, M. Walter, B. Eggert.

Between the two wars careful experimentation, new developments in the field of linguistics (Ferdinand de Saussure) and psychology (Thorndike) were conducted.

Prominent followers and developers: H. Palmer (conversation) and M. West (reading skills)

H. Palmer:

· In foreign language learning one must follow the path of his native language learning, starting with oral speech.

· The material should be carefully selected

· Rationalization of study material

H. Palmer’s study guides:

· Systematic Exercises in English Pronunciation

· Standard English Reader (based on selected vocabulary )

· English through questions and Answers (attached to Readers)

Aims:

· Learning a language teaches to notice the meaning, furnishes a term of comparison that gives an insight into the quality of a language, helps to understand the functioning of one’s own language.

· Thinking through foreign language develops intellect

· Develops voluntary and involuntary memory

· Develops imagination

Cultural – gives the idea of the life, culture and tradition of the country of the language.

Content:

· The habits that learners should acquire. Their level is determined by the syllabus

· Textual material arranged in topics serving as starting points for developing oral and written language

· Linguistic material – phonology, grammar and vocabulary selected for a certain purpose

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11