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Ellipsis

PARTICULAR USE OF COLLOQUIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

Emotional syntactical structures are used to depict the emotional state of mind of the characters.

Some of the most typical structures of these kinds are idiomatic phrases (set expressions, phraseological units with abstract patterns.

a) One of the most typical patterns is a simple statement followed by the pronoun that-noun (pronoun)-verb to be:

"June had answered in her imperious brisk way, like the little embodiment of will that she was."

"And Felix thought: 'She just wants to talk to me about Derek, Dog in the manger that I am.'"

b) Another pattern is a question form with an exclamatory meaning expressing amazement, indignation, excitement, enjoyment:

"Old ladies, Do I ever hate them?"

"He said in an awestruck voice: 'Boy, is that a piece of boat!'" "And boy, could that guy spend moneyl" "And was Edward pleased?'

"'Look', she said. 'Isn't that your boss there, just coming in?' 'My God! Yes,' said Lute, 'Oh, and has he a nice package?' 'I'll say. That's his wife with him, isn't it?" "A witch she is. I know her back in the old country. Sure, and didn't she come over on the same boat as myself?"

c) The third pattern is a morphological one, it is closely connected with syntactical structures, inversions, repetitions and others, for example:

"You are not being silly, are you?" "Now we're not going to have any more of that, Mrs Huston."

d) The fourth pattern is a construction where a noun or pronoun subject followed by the verbs to have (noun+object) or to be (noun+predicative) ends with the two com­ponents in inverted order:

"She had a high colour, had Sally."

"He has a rather curious smile, has my friend."

"She is a great comfort to me, is that lass."

Negative forms are frequently used to indicate an emotional out­burst of the speaker:

"You don't say!"

"I do say. I tell you I'm a student of this." "Don't be surprised if he doesn't visit you one of these days." (=if he visits you)

The emphasis is weaker in the second example.

The basic patterns of emotional colloquial constructions have a strong stylistic effect when they are used in the author's speech.

The oral variety has an emotional character revealed in the use of special emotive words, intensifiers and additional semanticizing factors caused by intonation and voice qualities. The written variety is more intellectual; it is reasoned and is non-emotional.

Ellipsis( 1) is a typical phenomenon in conversation, arising out of the situation.

But this typical feature of the spoken language assumes a new qual­ity when used in the written language. It becomes a stylistic device inasmuch as it supplies suprasegmental information. An elliptical sentence in direct intercourse is not a stylistic device. It is simply a norm of the spoken language.

"So Justice Oberwaltzer—solemnly and didactically from his high seat to the jury." (Dreiser)

The absence of the predicate in this sentence is a deliberate device. This particular model of sentence suggests the author's personal state of mind, his indignation at the shameless speech of the Justice. State of mind can manifest itself in some kind of violation of the recognized literary sentence structure.

Ellipsis as a stylistic device imitates the com­mon features of colloquial language, where the situation predetermines not the omission of certain members of the sentence, but their absence. It would be adequate to call sentences lacking certain members "inco mplete sentences".

"There's somebody wants to speak to you."

"There was no breeze came through the open window."

"There's many a man in this Borough would be glad to have the blood that runs in my veins."

The relative pronouns who, which, who after 'somebody', 'breeze', 'a man in this Borough' could not be regarded as "omitted"—this is the norm of colloquial language.

"/ bring him news will raise his drooping spirits."

"...or take the snow falls in the river."

"...when at her door arose a clatter might awake the dead."

The most characteristic feature of the written variety of language is amplification, which by its very nature is opposite to ellipsis. Amplification generally demands expansion of the ideas with as full and as exact relations between the parts of the utterance as possible. Ellipsis does not express what can easily be supplied by the situation. That is why elliptical sentences are rarely used as stylistic devices. Sometimes the omission of a link-verb adds emotional colouring and makes the sentence sound more emphatic.

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