Words in English from Amerindian Languages

THE DISCOVERY OF A NEW CONTINENT

№	Question/ problem/issue	Contents/data	Notes
1.	Early history of America	1) early settlements:   2) native population and its contributions to civilization: a) the Maya:     b) the Aztecs:     c) the Iroquois:     d) the Hurons, the Apache, the Sioux, the Mohigans, the Komanche, etc.   3) early “explorers”: a) AD 459………………………………………… b) AD 551…………………………………………. c) …………………………………………………. d) 1170…………………………………………….
2.	Colonization of the continent	1) European “explorers”: a) the Spanish conquistadors: 1492- Columbus,……………………………….   b) the English: 1497 ………………………………………………………….. c) the French: 1524…………………………………………………………… 2) The English colonization: a) April 26, 1607……………………………………………………………………………………. b) “Puritan America”: 1) 1620……………………………………………………………………….   1621 …………………………………………………………………………. 2) 1635……………………………………………………………………… 3) (1626)"1664……………………………………………………………... 4) 1681………………………………………………………………… 3) 13 English colonies by 1733 (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia): a) in the north: ……………………………………………...............(Occupation:…………. b) the Middle colonies: …………………(1664), …………………(1681) (Occupation:…………. c) the Southern colonies: ……………(1607), ……………………(1670),……………..(1733) (Occupation:…… 4) “frontier” settlers.."…the national character…
Seminar Assignment: Puritans’ America & theocratic experiment

avocado - Nahuatl ahuacatl
barbecue - Carib barbricot
canoe - Carib
cashew - Tupi acajú
chocolate - Aztec xocolatl
chile, chili - Nahuatl chilli
chinchilla - Aymara chinchilla
chipmunk - Algonquian chitmunk
cigar - Maya sik'ar 'smoke'
cocoa, cacao - Nahuatl cacahuatl (Note: French cacahuète is from Nahuatl tlacucahuatl)
condor - Quechua kuntur
coyote - Nahuatl cóyotl
guano - Quechua wanu
guava - Carib
how [greeting] - Dakota háo, Omaha hau
hurricane - Carib huracan 'his one leg' - the name of a god
husky [dog] - corruption of 'Eskimo', ultimately Algonquian

iguana - Arawak iwana
Inca - Quechua inka
jaguar - Guarani jaguá
kayak - Eskimo qajaq
mahogany - of unknown origin, but the tree is Caribbean...
maté - Quechua mati
moccasin - Natick mohkussin
mole - Nahuatl -molli 'sauce'
moose - Natick moos
opossum - Powhatan aposoum

papaya - Carib
parka - Aleut parka 'skin' (< Russian < Samoyed!)
petunia - Tupi petyn
piranha - Tupi pirátsainha
poncho - Araucanian pontho
potato - Taino batata
puma - Quechua puma
raccoon - Algonquian arathkone

savannah - Taino zabana
shark - Maya xoc
squash - Massachuset asko:o:tasquash
tapioca - Tupi tipioca 'residue'
tapir - Guarani tapiira
tepee - Dakota thipi
tobacco - Arawak tzibatl
tomahawk - Algonquian tamahaac
totem - Ojibwa ninto:te:m
tomato - Nahuatl tomatl
wampum - Algonquian wampumpeage
wigwam - Abnaki wikewam
yucca - Arawak

Place names:

Alabama: “thicket-clearers” or “vegetation-gatherers”.
Alaska: “great land” or “that which the sea breaks against”.
Arizona: “little spring” or “young spring”.
Chicago (Illinois): “garlic field”.
Connecticut: “beside the long tidal river”.
Indiana: “land of Indians”.
Iowa: “the Beautiful Land”.
Kansas: “people of the south wind”.
Kentucky: “land of tomorrow”.
Massachusetts: “at or about the great hill”.
Michigan: “great or large lake”.

Mississippi: “Father of Waters”.
Manhattan (New York): “isolated thing in water”.
Missouri: “town of the large canoes”.
Nebraska: “flat water”.

North Dakota: from the Sioux tribe, meaning “allies”.
Oklahoma: “red people”.
Virginia: “shell money” (Indian tribes often used shells that were made into beads called wampum, as money).
Utah: “people of the mountains”.

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11