The canon of the anti-racial works: Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man

Lecture 5

Synonymy and Antonymy

Semantic Classification of the English Lexicon.

Lecture 5

Plan:

1. Major types of semantic relations of lexical units (syntagmatic, paradigmatic).

2. Paradigmatic relations of compatibility: synonyms. Criteria of synonymy. Classification of synonyms. The dominant synonym. Euphemisms.

3. Paradigmatic relations of compatibility: antonyms. Classifications of antonyms.

4. Paradigmatic relations of inclusion (hierarchical relations): hyponymy, meronymy, serial relations.

5. Groups of words based on several types of semantic relations: conceptual (semantic or lexical) fields, lexical-semantic groups.

List of Literature:

1. Антрушина, Г.Б. Лексикология английского языка: учеб. пособие для студ. / Г.Б. Антрушина, О.В. Афанасьева, Н.Н. Морозова; под ред. Г.Б. Антрушиной. – 4-е изд., стереотип. – М.: Дрофа, 2004. – С. 184–197, 209–219.

2. Воробей, А.Н. Глоссарий лингвистических терминов / А.Н. Воробей, Е.Г. Карапетова. – Барановичи: УО "БарГУ", 2004. – 108 с.

3. Дубенец, Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студ. гуманит. вузов / Э.М. Дубенец. – М. / СПб.: ГЛОССА / КАРО, 2004. – С. 131–139.

4. Лексикология английского языка: учебник для ин-тов и фак-тов иностр. яз. / Р.З. Гинзбург [и др.]; под общ. ред. Р.З. Гинзбург. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Высш. школа, 1979. – С. 46–47, 51–63.

5. Лещева, Л.М. Слова в английском языке. Курс лексикологии современного английского языка: учебник для студ. фак-в и отдел. английского языка (на англ. яз.) / Л.М. Лещева. – Минск: Академия управления при Президенте Республики Беларусь, 2001. – С. 111–122.

List of Terms:

syntagmatic relations

paradigmatic relations

synonymy

synonyms

absolute synonyms

ideographic synonyms

stylistic synonyms

ideographic-stylistic synonyms

dominant synonyms

euphemisms

antonyms

contradictory antonyms

contrary antonyms

conversive antonyms

incompatibility

hyponymy

hyponym

hyperonym (classifier)

meronymy

serial relations

conceptual (semantic) field

lexical-semantic group

Racism is a belief system or doctrine which postulates a hierarchy among various human races or ethnic groups. It may be based on an assumption of inherent biological differences between different ethnic groups that purport to determine cultural or individual behaviour. Racism may be described as a strong form of ethnocentrism, including traits such as xenophobia (fear and hate of foreigners), views against interracial relationships (anti-miscegenation), ethnic nationalism, and ethnic stereotypes.

Racism has been a motivating factor in social discrimination, racial segregation, hate speech and violence (such as pogroms, genocides and ethnic cleansings). Racial discrimination is common, although illegal, in many states.

The term racist has been a pejorative term since at least the 1940s, and the identification of a group or person as racist is often controversial.

In the late 1950s, the US Supreme Court ruled the segregation of schools and buses to be unconstitutional. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 authorized federal intervention in cases where blacks were denied the chance to vote.

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