Ex. II. Recognize metaphors and classify them

Ex. I. Pick out figures of substitution, classify them and define their stylistic functions.

Irony

• There are various types of irony. They have in common the adoption of a distance from the subject for satirical or critical effect.

• A speaker might take up an opponent's argument and then exaggerate it to reveal its weaknesses. This is Socratic irony.

• Writers or speakers might pretend to hold opinions which are the exact opposite of what they truly believe. [The reader or listener must be alert and skillful to avoid being drawn into a trap.]

• Dramatic irony occurs when the audience at a play know something of which the characters on stage are ignorant [the lover hidden in the next room].

• Irony is often classed as a form of humour, along with sarcasm and satire. These do not necessarily evoke laughter, but rather a wry shrug or assent to the idea that the received world picture has been disturbed.

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT

1. Christina's love is hungry: it swallows every penny Bert offers. 2. The empty shell of the Embassy frightened Philip. 3. Mary was a large dark moth, her wings lifted, ready to fly. 4. One more truck had passed by, full of mous­taches and beards. 5. Rambos are necessary in Victoria's business. 6. Dance music was bellowing from the open door. 7. Dismal and rainy day emerged from the womb of the night. 8. Some remarkable pictures in the gallery: a Petrov-Vodkin, two Van Dycks and an Aivazovsky. 9. Stoney smiled the sweet smile of an alligator. 10. Edward's family is a couple of aunts a thousand years old. 11. It was not unwise to behave like that. 12. The girl gave Jacob a lipsticky smile. 13. Jenny is the size of a peanut. 14. A spasm of high-voltage nervousness ran through Diana. 15. Don't move the tiniest part of an inch! 16. Bernard had an overwhelming belief in the brains and hearts of his nation. 17. England has two eyes - Oxford and Cambridge. 18. Money burns a hole in ray pocket. 19. Every Caesar has his Brutus.

I. The moon held a finger to her lips and the lake became pale and quiet. 2. Beauty is a flower. 3. The sun ray on the wall above Pete slowly knifes down, cuts across his chest, becomes a coin on the floor and vanishes. 4. That great kind man had taken Becky under his wing. 5. Spring will come again with her sweet fresh air creeping in. 6. Carol was already familiar with the geography of the house. 7. There, at the very core of London, in the heart of its business, in the midst of a whirl of noise stands Newgate. 8. The sight took Bobby's attention. 9. Mirabel was a wonderful cook. 10. The ghost of a smile appeared on Soames’ face. 11. Time has a cruel soul. 12. Jeff is a regular Sherlock Holmes. 13. The stars were dancing in the sky. 14. Mr. Dombey's cup of satisfaction was so full, that he could afford a drop or two of its contents. 15. A storm of indignation broke out.

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