The system of stress

Phonetics

Inner History

New English

Lecture 7

Journals

ADDITIONAL READINGS

King, Harry. Box Man: Professional Thief's Journal. New York: Harper and Row, 1972. A fascinating autobi­ography with an introduction and commentary by sociologist William Chambliss.

Reiman, Jeffrey H. The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison (2d ed.). New York: Wiley, 1984. A compre­hensive look at the criminal justice system from the conflict perspective, with a special focus on white-collar crime.

Schur, Edwin M. Labeling Women Deviant: Gender, Stigma, and Social Control. Philadelphia: Temple Uni­versity Press, 1983. An examination of the criminal justice system in its broadest context as it applies to women. Includes coverage of sexual harassment, rape, family violence, and mental illness.

Silberman, Charles E. Criminal Violence, Criminal Justice. New York: Random House, 1978. A readable and critical account of crime and our society's mecha­nisms for dealing with it.

Wilson, James Q., and Richard J. Hernstein. Crime and Human Nature. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986. A challenging, controversial approach to crime that examines the relationship of law-abiding behav­ior to intelligence, personality, and even body type.

Among the journals which focus on issues of deviance, crime, and social control are Crime and Delinquency (founded in 1955), Criminology (1961), and Law and Society Review (1966).

The speed of the development of the language was lesser than in Middle English. The language developed quickly at the beginning o0f the period and slowly – at the end (with the exception of the word stock which develops equally quickly during the whole period). When the literary norm was formed, it, being always very conservative, prevented the change of the language, that is why the speed of the development slowed down.

In native words the stress is fixed and falls on the first root syllable (as in Old English and Middle English). Some of the borrowed words were not assimilated phonetically, that is why the stress, falls on another syllable, those fully assimilated have the stress on the first root syllable, like in native words.

Native English words are short - they have one or two syllables, that that is why it is a norm, a rhythmic tendency of the language to have one stressed syllable and one unstressed one Middle English New English

in borrowed words, there developed a system of two stresses.

Sometimes the stress is used to differentiate the words formed from the same root by the process called conversion (to pro’duce - ‘produce)

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