Person and number. Tense

NON-FINITE FORMS (VERBIDS).

VERB: GENERAL.

LECTURE 5

1. The verb as a notional word denoting process. Its formal and functional properties.

2. Grammatically relevant subclasses of the verb; notional, functional, and semi-functional verbs. 2a. groups of functional and semi-functional verbs.

2b. groups of notional verbs.

3. Verbal valency subgroups.

4. The category of finitude: finite and non-finite forms of the verb (finites and verbids). Problematic status of the non-finite forms of the verb in the classification of parts of speech. Verbids as phenomena of mixed (hybrid, intermediary) nature.

5. The infinitive as a verbal form of mixed processual-substantive nature and the basic form of verbal paradigms. Semi-predicative infinitive constructions.

6. The gerund as a verbal form of mixed processual-substantive nature. The infinitive, the gerund and the verbal noun: their correlation in expressing processual semantics (the lexico-grammatical category of processual representation). Semi-predicative gerundial constructions.

7. The participle as a verbal form of mixed processual-qualitative nature. The distinctions between two types of participles. Semi-predicative participial constructions. Functional differences between participle I and the gerund.

8. The category of number and person. Their reflective nature. The blending of their morphemic expression. The forms of person and number of different groups of verbs. The oppositional presentation of the category. The “notional concord” cases.

9. The general notion of time and lingual temporality; lexical and grammatical means of time expression. Absolutive and non-absolutive time; relative and factual time.

10. The system of two verbal tense categories in English: the category of “absolutive”, “retrospective”, or “primary” time (past vs. non-past) and the category of “relative”, or “prospective” time (future vs. non-future).

11. The problem of the auxiliary verbs “shall/will” – “should/would”: the “modal future” vs. the “pure future”.

Key terms: - non-finite forms of the verbs (verbids), the category of finitude, full predication (primary, or complete predication) vs. semi-predication (secondary, or potential predication), infinitive, ‘to-infinitive’ (‘marked infinitive’), ‘bare infinitive’, ‘split infinitive’, gerund, half-gerund (fused participle, gerundial participle), verbal noun, participle I (present participle), participle II (past participle), complex subject constructions, complex object constructions, absolute participial constructions

- dynamic process, finite forms of the verb (finites), phrasal verbs, notional verb, functional verb, semi-functional verb, predicate, predicative, predicator, auxiliary verb, modal verb, pure/specifying link verb, verbid introducer, aspective meaning, limitive/unlimitive verb, statal verb, actional verb, transitive/intransitive verb, pseudo-transitive verb, valence (valency), obligatory/optional valence, supplementive/complementive verb

- category of number, category of person, notional concord, fragmental (asymmetrical) category, archaic form, dialectal and colloquial person-number neutralization

- absolutive time, relative time (priority–“relative past”, simultaneity–“relative present”, posteriority –“relative future”), factual time, tense, “primary, absolutive, or retrospective time” (past vs. non-past), “historic present”, “relative, or prospective time” (future vs. non-future), modal colouring.

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