Многофункциональные глаголы

NE

LME

EME

OE

13.

Grammatical categories and categorial forms of the verb

The origins of ModE irregular verbs

Minor groups of verbs

Weak verbs

Strong verbs

The morphological classification of verbs in ME and ENE

The non-finite forms (verbals)

1. OE beran à ME (to) beren à NE (to) bear

tō berenne - -

2. tō

3. ʒe- à i- / y-

4. {-ende} – in the North (OE)

5. {-end(e)} in the Midlands (OE)

6. {-ind(e)} – in the South (OE)

7. {-ing(e)} – the 13^th century (ME)

8. {-ung / -ing}

9. {-n}

10. Cl. 3 ME finden /i:/ - the long vowel in the root

drinken /ı/ - the vowel remained short

11. was vs. were

12. {-d- / -t-}

OE 3b cl. helpan healp hulpon holpen

NE help helped helped

14. dig, wear (former OE weak verbs)

take (Scand.), thrive (Scand.), strive (OFr)

15. OE werian à ME werien à NE wear

16. OE 5 cl.

sp(r)ecan sp(r)æc sp(r)ǣcon sp(r)ecen

ME

speken spak speken spoken

17. OE 4^th class

teran tær tǣron toren

18. OE wrāt / writon à ME wrote /ɔ:/

OE drāf / drifon à ME drof /ɔ:/

19. OE bītan bāt biton biten

ME biten bot /ɔ:/ biten biten

NE bite bit bitten

OE stelan stæl stǣlon stolen

ME stelen stal stelen stolen

NE steal stole stolen

20. The weak conjugation

21. OE libban

22. OE habban, secʒan

23. Table 1. Suffixes of weak verbs in ME

The Past Tense Participle II

Class I {-de} {-ed}

ME

Class II {-ed(e)} {-ed}

24. {-e-}

25. /ə/

26. Homonymous

27. Thurven – сметь; dowen – годиться; unnen – даровать; munen – помнить; witen – знать

28. Own from aʒan, un couth from coude/couðe

29. OE cann (Present Indicative Sg 1^st pers. from cunnan) à ME can

30. ME couth(e) – became obsolete in

NE and died out

OE cūðe

ME coud(e) – was preserved

31. OE mæʒ à ME may

32. The ME Past Tense mighte à NE might

33. OE sceal à ME shal(l) à NE shall

34. Of full predication

35. Shall and should / ME sholde

36. Mōt and mōten

37. Mōste /o:/ à /u:/ à /u/ à /∧/

38. ME willen à NE will

39. NE ought to (modal)

OE āʒan

NE owe (notional)

40. OE durran à ME durren à NE dare

41. OE dōn à do /u:/

42. OE dyde à ME dide à NE did

43. Causative = каузативный

44. OE macian à ME maken à NE make

45. OE ʒān à ME goon à NE go

46. Wente instead of OE ēōde from OE wendan, wv, cl. 1 à ME wenden à NE wend (Inf.) / NE went (Past Tense of go)

47. OE bēōn à ME bee /e:/ à NE be /i:/

48. Sellan, tǣcan

sellan salde / sealde sald / seald

sellen salde /sa: ld ə/ sald /sa: ld /

sell sold /sɔ:ld/ sold /sɔ:ld/

sell sold /sɜʊld/ sold /sɜʊld/

50. OE cēpan cēpte cēpt

EME kepen /e:/ kepte /e/ kept /e/

NE keep /i:/ kept /e/ kept /e/

51. Sleep, weep – former cl. VII strong verbs

52. Feel – former cl. I weak verb

53. {-t/-d}

54. OE mētan mētte mētt

NE meet met met

55. {-t/-d}

56. <e> = /ə/

57. OE settan – se tt e

58. /ə/

59. OE macian macode macod

ME maken makede maked

NE make made made

60. Auxiliary

61. Idiomatic

62. No syntactic concord

63. OE Habban + a direct object + Participle II of a transitive verb

64. OE Hīē hæfdon hīēra cyning ā worþēnne

65. OE Ic hæfde hine ʒebundenne = I had him in-a-state-of-being-bound

66. Bēōn + Participle II of intransitive verbs

67. OE Nū is sē dæʒ cumen = now the day is/has come)

68. ME Now /u:/ he is gone

69. Ben /e:/

70. Haven

71. LME This gentleman is happily arriv’d

72. ENE The king himself is rode to view their battle (W. Shakespeare, Henry V)

73. To be gone

74. OE weorþan (to become) + Participle II of transitive verbs

75. OE bēōn (to be) / wesan + Participle II

76. OE Hē wēārþ ofslæʒen = he was slain

77. ME Engendered /en′dʒendəd/ is the flour /flu:r/ = the flower is born

78. Bēōn

79. Weorþan

80. ME becomen, geten, semen

81. Ben /e:/ + Participle II

82. ME Sininge he /e:/ was … al /a/ the dai /daı/

83. OE bēōn à EME ben /e:/ + Participle I

84. Continuous vs. non-continuous

85. OE Sēō ēā bið flōwende ofer eal Aegypta land

86. Futurity

87. Shall / will (from sculan / willan)

88. Were he here now, he would be laughing

89. Should/would + the Indefinite Infinitive

90. Should/would + the Perfect Infinitive

91. Ben /e:/

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