II. Read and translate the text

Контрольная работа № 3

X. Imagine you are the proprietor who wants to expand the business. Tell us what you will do.

Для того, чтобы выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо повторить все пройденные в предыдущих разделах темы и усвоить следующие новые разделы английского языка.

1. Пассивный залог в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени (Present, Past, Future Simple, Passive Voice).

2. Косвенная речь, перевод прямой речи в косвенную.

3. Согласование времен.

4. Видовременные формы глагола системы Past (Past Continuous, Past Simple, Past Perfect).

Учебная литература:

1. Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка. М., 1989. Ч.1. Основной курс. С. 555-558, 598-605

2. Голицинский Ю.Б. Грамматика: сборник упражнений.- СПб., 2004. С. 232-255, 98-108, 396-398, 403-404.

Вариант 1

I. Active vocabulary:

to govern – управлять

temporal – (зд.) светский

to summon – созывать, собрать (парламент)

to dissolve – распускать (парламент)

an assent – согласие, разрешение

to elect – выбирать

an election – выборы

a by-election – дополнительные выборы

a resignation – отставка

a secret ballot – секретное голосование

to command majority – составлять большинство

to preside over – председательствовать

impartial – беспартийный, беспристрастный

acceptable – приемлемый

judiciary – судебная власть, система

legislative (law-making) – законодательный

executive – исполнительный

to introduce in, into – представлять (закон в парламент)

to consider – рассматривать (закон в парламенте)

to make amendments, to amend – вносить поправки

to approve – одобрять

to delay – откладывать, отсрочивать

to carry out – проводить в жизнь, осуществлять

authorities – органы власти

Britain’s Government

Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a Constitutional monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as head of State. The country is governed in the Queen’s name by the Government. The Queen is head of the Commonwealth and temporal head of the Church of England.

British Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Queen formally summons and dissolves Parliament, and opens each new session with a speech setting out the Government’s broad programme. She also gives formal assent to laws passed by Parliament.

The House of Commons, which plays the major part in law-making, consists of 635 elected members of Parliament (MPs), each representing an area in England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. MPs are elected either at a general election (which must be held every five years) or at a by-election, held when a seat falls vacant because of death or resignation of the member. The minimum voting age is 18 and the voting is by secret ballot.

The Government is formed by the political party, which can command majority in the House of Commons. Its leader becomes the Prime Minister, who chooses a number of ministers, of whom 20 or so are in the Cabinet, which is collectively responsible for all Government decisions. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its leader and “shadow cabinet”.

The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker, an impartial member acceptable to the whole House.

The House of Lords is made up of hereditary and life peers and the Lords Spirituals (two archbishops and 24 bishops of the Church of England). It is presided over by the Lord Chancellor who is head of the judiciary in England and Wales.

Legislative measures are introduced into Parliament as Bills, usually by ministers. Bills are considered both by the House of Commons and by the House of Lords, and the necessary amendments are made. The debating procedures in the two Houses are broadly similar, and Bills approved at all stages receive the Royal Assent and become Acts of Parliament. The House of Lords may delay certain Bills, but cannot Veto them. The Acts of Parliament are carried out by executive authorities - ministries, departments, local government.

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