Social factors

II. Read the text.

Vocabulary

1. Low esteem- неуважение 2. To cut classes- пропускать занятия 3. To disrupt classes- срывать занятия 4. To have a compensation for- компенсировать ч-л. 5. Educational failure- неудачи, неуспехи в учебе 6. To make up for- наверстывать упущенное, «подтягиваться» 7. Contempt for authority- неуважение к властям 8. Signs of affluence- признаки богатства, благополучия 9. A large array of- множество, большая масса 10. Truancy- прогул 11. Assault- нападение 12. Theft- воровство 13. Arson- поджог 14. Vandalism- вандализм 15. Traffic in drugs- распространение наркотиков 16. Bigotry- слепая приверженность, фанатизм 17. White-supremacist gangs- банда превосходства белых 18. “Birds of a feather flock together”- рыбак рыбака видит издалека 19. Relevance for- уместность

20. To impel by- побуждать, принуждать 21. To draw by- привлекать ч-л. 22. Obligation- обязательство 23. To roam- бродить, слоняться 24. To create havoc- создавать разрушения 25. To carry weapons- носить оружие 26. To sort out- рассортировать, разделять 27. To steer away from- увести от ч-л. 28. Periods of confinement- сроки заключения 29. Lenient methods of probation- мягкие методы условного освобождения на поруки 30. Juvenile aftercare, foster care- программа контроля за подростками, освобожденными на поруки 31. To suspend sentence- откладывать приговор 32. To release the offender on the condition of- освобождать обвиняемого при условии 33. Parole- освобождение заключенного под честное слово 34. To promote readjustment- способствовать исправлению 35. To adjust to the positive values of society- приобщаться к позитивным ценностям общества

I. Match the synonyms:

a) Low esteem, cutting classes, theft, compensation, affluence, assault, to draw by, havoc

b)Reward, to attract, disregard, robbery, damage, wealth, truancy, attack

In the United States, Europe, and Japan, most delinquents are boys, though since the early 1980s the number of delinquents who are girls has risen dramatically. Most of these in the United States come from the lower middle class and the poorest segments of society. One reason for this is the low esteem in which education is often held in these groups. Schooling seems boring and unchallenging, and the delinquent rebels against it by cutting classes or disrupting them and eventually may drop out altogether - as more than one quarter of teens did by the early 1990s. Such youths find in each other's company a compensation for their educational failure by rejecting the social values to which they are supposed to adhere. To make up for this failure, and finding their job market limited, they live dangerously and show contempt for authority.

Many parents, educators, and others blame the violence found in many movies and television shows, rap music and heavy-metal rock lyrics, and comic books, as well as the economic aspirations and goals of society itself. The signs of affluence that children in the poor and working classes see about them — money, power, and a large array of consumer goods — make them desperately want some of these things even though they may feel they will never be able to afford them.

Delinquency among middle-class youth has not been adequately researched, therefore its causes are even less clear. One theory suggests that for some boys it is a form of masculine protest against the mother figure in many middle-class homes. This may be true when the father is away at work most of the time and has little contact with his children in free time. In places where drug abuse has become more common, crime has often increased.

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