Образование антонимов. Схемы словообразования

Антонимы многих слов в английском языке образуются путем добавления разных префиксов (приставок). Например: attractive – un attractive; advantage– dis advantage; polite – im polite; correct – in correct; understand - mis understand. Прилагательные, образованные от существительных с помощью суффикса less, обозначают отсутствие качества, на которые указывают исходные слова. Например, harmless «безвредный», т.е. не причиняющий никакого вреда. Некоторые способы словообразования проиллюстрированы на схеме.

unimaginative tasteless

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un- imagine -ative taste -less

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to form root to form root to form adjective

the opposite word the adjective word meaning “without”

Упр.2.5.1. Заполните пропуски в следующем задании, предварительно образовав от приведенной в скобках основы нужную форму слова.

Пример: Artists are creative people. (create)

a. John is ___________________ hardworking. (extreme)

b. I did not like the food. I found it most _____________.(please)

c. She was arrested because she was driving _____________.(care)

d. It was very ________________ of him not to help you.(kind)

e. My wife likes the colour blue, but I find it _____________. (attract)

f. He’s a lucky man. He’s been _______ married for eight years. (happy)

g. I bought a new car because the old one was so __________. (rely)

h. The dancer was superb. She gave a ____________ performance. (fault)

i. The passengers were frightened when the pilot flew _________ close to a building. (danger)

Упр.2.5.2. Образуйте антонимы с помощью префиксов in-, im - и un- и запишите их в виде трех колонок в соответствии с использованным префиксом.

likely	certain	possible	true	valid
exact	pure	perfect	equal	usual
common	visible	practical	suitable	appropriate
direct	able	active	stable	convenient
plausible	accurate	complete	reasonable	significant
known	even	satisfactory	favourable	mistakable
pleasant	friendly	patient	sane	usable
contaminated	identified	sufficient	determined	flexible

in-	im-	un-
invalid	impossible	unlikely

Упр.2.5.3. Образуйте антонимы от предложенных слов с помощью соответствующего префикса.

in - un - im - dis -

___frequently, ___loyal, ___comfort, ___specific, ___real, ___probably, ___available, ___assemble, ___suitable, ___proper, ___fit, ___occupied, ___order, ___distinguished

Упр.2.5.4. Образуйте антонимы от предложенных слов с помощью префиксов, имеющих отрицательное значение (un-, in-, il-, im-, ir-, dis-, non-, mis-).

to connect to pronounce to arrange to agree to manage

acceptable honest fatal competent honoured

ferrous negotiable employed necessary

legal regular applicable certified profitable

active expensive informed effective

agreement maturity stability

*Упр.2.5.5. Добавьте префикс или измените суффикс, чтобы образовать антонимы следующих прилагательных, глаголов и существительных:

to believe	useful	importance
to pack	reliable	efficiency
to like	painful	sense
to appear	experienced	material
to approve	tidy	probable
to lock	mature	responsible
to connect	harmful

**Упр.2.5.6. Прочитайте следующие предложения, найдите слова с префиксами и объясните значение префиксов.

a. Floppy disks are inexpensive and reusable.

b. If a printer malfunctions, you should check the interface cable.

c. The multiplexor was not working because someone had disconnected it by mistake.

d. Improper installation of the antiglare shield will make it impossible to read what is on the screen.

e. After you transfer text using the “cut and paste” feature, you may have to reformat the text you have inserted.

f. You can maximize your chances of finding a job if you are bilingual or even trilingual.

g. Peripheral devices can be either input devices (such as keyboards) or output devices (such as printers).

h. Your pay rise is retroactive to the beginning of June and you will receive a biannual bonus.

i. The octal and hexadecimal systems are number systems used as a form of shorthand in reading groups of four binary digits.

Дата добавления: 2014-10-17