The High Cost of Children

According to Lawrence Olson in his book Costs of Children, in the future children _____________ (become) much more expensive to raise. American parents of children born in the 1980s _____________ (spend), on an average, $226,000 to raise a firstborn son to age twenty-two. A firstborn daughter ____________ (be) even more expensive—$247,000. (These figures __________ (take / not) inflation into account.)

Olson ____________ (estimate) that it ___________ (cost) approximately 2.2 percent more to raise a girl than a boy. He ____________ (attribute) the difference to such items as wedding expenses, cosmetics, and transportation. Olson ____________ (base) the total figures on the assumption that a child of either sex ___________ (attend) a private college or university for four years.

Because the basic expenses in raising a child—food, clothing, transportation, and education ____________ (be) difficult to cut, future parents ___________ (need / most likely) to make some decisions. Aware of how expensive it ____________ (be) to raise a child, future parents ____________ (have) to choose between having fewer children and reducing the money that they ____________ (spend) on each child.

Ex. 163. Will / Be Going To. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?

B: I (write) ……………………. a letter to my friends back home in Texas.

2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!

B: I (get) …………………… you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.

3. A: I can't hear the television!

B: I (turn) …………………… it up so you can hear it.

4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) ………………….. Paris, Nice and Grenoble.

5. Sarah (come) …………………….. to the party. Oliver (be) …………………….. there as well.

6. Ted: It is so hot in here!

Sarah: I (turn) ………………………. the air-conditioning on.

7. I think he (be) …………………… the next President of the United States.

8. After I graduate, I (attend) ……………………… medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.

9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.

B: That man at the service counter (help) ……………………….. you.

10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) ………………… down to the beach and go swimming.

Ex. 164. Will / Be Going To. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

1. Mark: What are you doing with those scissors?

Beth: I (cut) …………………… that picture of the ocean out of the travel magazine.

Mark: What (you, do) …………………….. with it?

Beth: I (paint) ………………………. a watercolor of the ocean for my art class, and I thought I could use this photograph as a model.

2. Mark: (you, do) …………………. me a favor, Sam?

Sam: Sure, what do you want me to do?

Mark: I (change) …………………… the broken light bulb in the lamp above the dining room table. I need someone to hold the ladder for me while I am up there.

Sam: No problem, I (hold) ……………………. it for you.

3. Gina: Where are you going?

Ted: I (go) ……………………… to the store to pick up some groceries.

Gina: What (you, get)……………………….?

Ted: I (buy) ………………….. some milk, some bread, and some coffee.

4. John: Wow, it's freezing out there.

Jane: I (make) ……………………… some coffee to warm us up. Do you want a piece of pie as well?

John: Coffee sounds great! But I (have) …………………… dinner with some friends later, so I'd better skip the pie.

Jane: I (go) ……………………. to dinner tonight too, but I'm having a piece of pie anyway.

5. Frank: I heard you're taking a Spanish class at the community college.

Tom: Yeah, I (go) ………………. to Guatemala next spring and I thought knowing a little Spanish would make the trip easier.

Frank: I (visit) …………………… my brother in Marseilles next year. Maybe I should take a French class.

Tom: I have a course catalog in the other room. I (go) …………………… get it, and we can see whether or not they're offering a French course next semester.

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