Read these words correctly. Mind the stress. Translate and memorize the following words

Translate and memorize the following words.

UNIT II LASER LIGHT in CHEMISTRY

Translate the text in written form. Use a dictionary.

Translate the text without a dictionary. Title the text.

Scientists have discovered water having amazing properties. It is 50 per cent heavier than ordinary water that is why they called it heavy water. It boils not at 100° but 50°C.

The chemical structure of this water is the same as that of the water which we drink.

Physicists have noticed that this water becomes condensed in thin capillary glass tubes. Such a phenomenon takes place if the chamber (камера) in which the experiment was carried out was saturated with vapour. But in this case there was little vapour and it became clear that it was unusual water. This water had quite different new properties, e.g. its viscosity was 15 times greater than that of ordinary water. It froze at 40°-50°C below zero.

Having investigated all the properties of this water, the scientists could explain the phenomenon of the special silvery clouds, which can be found at an altitude of 90 km, that is 10 times higher than the usual ones.

Having learnt some properties, we can understand that water molecule has a considerable amount of ionic character. A related effect which stabilizes the dissolved ions is the formation of hydrates of the ions. Each negative ion attracts the positive ends of the adjacent water molecules, and tends to hold several water molecules attached to itself. The positive ions show the effect still more strongly; each positive ion attracts the negative ends of the water molecules, and binds several molecules about itself forming a hydrate which may have considerable stability.

The number of water molecules attached to a cation is determined by the size of the cation. The forces between cation and water molecules are so strong that ions often retain a layer of water molecules in crystals. This water is reffered to as water of crystallization.

Grammar: The Objective Infinitive Construction.

The use of much.

Text: Laser Light.

laser	intense	spontaneously l
surface	chromatic	merely
amplifier	coherent	uncoordinated
directionality	incandescent	testify
contamination	brief	to monitor

coherent, incandescent, intense, surface, deposits, area, diamond

3. Define the parts of speech. Translate these words and their derivatives:

amplify – amplifier – amplification; chromatic – monochromatic: test – to test – testify; direction – directionality – direct – indirect – directly; coordinate – coordinated – uncoordinated – coordination; contaminate – contamination – contaminant; intense – intensify – intension – intensively – intensification.

4. Read and translate correctly:

uncoordinated waves; more or less; excited atoms; in technology and physics; ordinary light; internal structure; small areas of any material; incandescent lamp; the probing of materials; a wide range of materils; well-being of people; coherent light sources.

Study and remember the following charts:

1. I want him to get all the information tomorrow. 2. I expect the students to pass their examination well. 3. We knew them to have finished their work in time. 4. I suppose this experiment to be carried out today.

1. I see him leave the University every day at 5 p.m. 2. We observed the reaction proceed violently. 3. She hears him speak next room with the Professor.

1. He makes them clean the laboratory benches when they finish working. 2. Heating caused the reaction accelerate.

5. Change the following sentences as in the models:

Model I: We expect that they will solve this problem very soon.

We expect them to solve this problem very soon.

1.The scientists know that this phenomenon is important. 2.They suppose that she will take part in this work. 3. We consider that he knows the subject well. 4. Chemists know that isotopes find wide application both in industry and agriculture. 5. They expect the reaction will go to comple­tion. 6. We think that he will help us in this work. 7. We consider that mercuric ions are colourless. 8. I want that he will leave for Leningrad tomorrow.

Model II: I thought that he had returned.

I thought him to have returned.

1. Weknew that the delegation had arrived. 2. They learnt that he had carried out the experiment by the end of the week. 3.They expected that he had passed his last exam well. 4.We didn’t suppose that the reaction had completed so quickly. 5. We didn’t expect that the sample had been exploded.

6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of “much”.

1. This acid is much stronger than that you used before. 2. This reaction depends much on pressure. 3. There is much iron in this ore. 4. Ye worked much uh the lab. 5. We like laboratory practice very much. 6. They had to work with the solution containing as much as 95% of organic solvents. 7. There is much glassware in the lab.

7. Remember and memorize the following words of the same root:

strong – strength – to strengthen

long – length – to lengthen

wide – width – to widen

8. Translate the following sentences:

Note: to light – освещать

light – свет

light – светлый; легкий

1. Light weight metals are required in the manufacture of aircraft equipment. 2. Silver halides darken when exposed to white light. 3. The production of light is the secon­dary phenomenon in those cases in which the energy of activation is large. 4. Aluminium is a light metal which exhibits a silvery luster. 5. The first electric power station built in this region lighted the houses and industrial enter­prises. 6. The amount of light radiated by an atomic bomb is so great that one could hardly imagine it. 7. The laboratory is lighted very badly, there should be much more light. 8. All light metals are widely used in all the branches of industry.

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