Read and learn the following words. Translate the examples. century – век, столетие (= age)

METALS AND MEN

century – век, столетие (= age)

e.g. The 19-th century was the century of steam energy, the 20-th century is called the age of atomic energy.

metal – металл

metallic – металлический

to conquer – завоевывать, покорять

to create – создавать, творить

useful – полезный

machine – машина, механизм, аппарат

mechanism – механизм

e.g. Metals helped men to conquer nature, to create useful machines and mechanisms.

to find (found, found) – находить, обнаруживать

wide – широкий

application (= use) – применение

to possess (= to have) – владеть, обладать, иметь

property – свойство

e.g. Metals find wide application because they possess a lot of useful properties.

to combine – сочетать

strong – прочный (о металле)

strength – прочность

plastic – пластичный

plasticity – пластичность

e.g. Metals combine high strength and plasticity.

brittle – хрупкий;

brittleness – хрупкость

stone – камень

e.g. Stone is strong but brittle.

rubber – резина, каучук

e.g. Rubber is plastic, but not strong.

iron – железо

copper – медь

tin – олово

lead – свинец

mercury – ртуть

gold – золото

silver – серебро

antimony – сурьма

e.g. Ancient Romans knew only 8 metals: gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, mercury, antimony, iron.

to exclude – исключать

because – так как, потому что

because of – из-за

ductile – ковкий

ductility (= forgeability) – ковкость

e.g. The great Russian scientist Lomonosov excluded antimony and mercury from the list of metals because of their bad ductility.

characteristic – характерная особенность

definition – определение

to define – давать определение

significance (= importance) – значение, важность

to comprise – охватывать, заключать в себе

luster – блеск

e.g. The first scientific definition given by M.V. Lomonosov comprises the two main characteristics of a metal: plasticity and metals luster.

element – элемент (химический)

to discover – открывать

Mendeleyev's Periodic Table – периодическая таблица Менделеева

e.g. Mendeleyev's Periodic Tablewas discovered in 1869.

conductivity – проводимость

electrical conductivity – электрическая проводимость

heat conductivity – теплопроводимость

e.g. Metal also possess high electrical conductivity and heat conductivity.

to rise (= to increase) – увеличиваться, расти

to decrease – уменьшаться

e.g. Electrical conductivity rises with the decrease of temperature.

engineering – техника

pure metal – чистый металл

substance – вещество

alloy – сплав

compound – соединение, смесь

to consist of – состоять из

e.g. Pure metals are seldom used in engineering. Most often metals are used in the form of alloys.

Alloy is a compound consisting of some elements. An alloy may consist of two or more metals.

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