B) Find 5 sentences in the text with the given word-combinations

Text 3

Practise saying the words. Mind the stress.

Exercise 14

Barristers and Solicitors.

Section III

Writing. Write a summary of the text, using phrases from Unit 2 exercise 27.

Pronunciation Practice.

to fórm – formátion; to represént – representátion; to prepáre – preparátion; to presént – presentátion; to mánage – managérial; an óffice – offícial; to práctise – practítioner; to óccupy – occupátion; to assóciate – associátion; to prósecute – prosecútion.

Exercise 15

Determine the part of speech of the words and give their derivatives:

Practising, admitted, engaged, superior, inferior, interview, presentation, prosecuting, defending, accused, independence, involved, pretrial, specialise, litigation.

Barristers and Solicitors.

Pre-reading task: Scan the text and find the information about the functions, rights and duties of barristers and solicitors.

In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professions; he must either have been admitted to practiсe as a solicitor or as a barrister.

The barrister is usually thought of primarily to be an advocate, since this is the work in which he is most often engaged. He has the exclusive right of audience as an advocate before all the superior courts and he can also take cases in the inferior courts if he wishes to do so.

The solicitor is known to be an advocate in the inferior courts but he is more familiar to the public in his role as a general legal adviser.

A significant difference between the two professions is that members of the public are able to call at a solicitor’s office and seek his advice in a personal interview; whereas a barrister can only be consulted indirectly through a solicitor.

Most barristers are professional advocates earning their living by the presentation of civil and criminal cases in court. A barrister is supposed to be capable of prosecuting in a criminal case one day and defending an accused person the next; or of preparing the pleading for a plaintiff in a civil action one day and doing the same thing for a defendant the next. In this way the barrister attains a real degree of objectivity and of independence of mind. He is likely to become a specialist at advocacy, not a specialist prosecutor or a specialist defence counsel.

In practice there is a great deal of paper work involved in the pretrial stages of a case, but particularly so where a civil action is in question. Barristers are not allowed to form partnerships, but may share the same set of chambers and also share a clerk, so that there are very close links between them.

The name-plates of firms of solicitors are an everyday sight in cities and towns in England and Wales; and although a one-man practice is not rare, the trend is towards having several solicitors in partnership. This gives them the opportunity to specialize to some extent, so that when one partner may spend all his time on conveyancing, another will deal with litigation and so on.

Exercise 16

a) Match two columns to make word-combinations and translate them:

1. superior a. an office

2. to be admitted b. living

3. to call at c cases

4. personal d. to practice

5. to earn e. stage

6. to present f. interview

7. pretrial g. court

8. to defend h. pleading

9. to prepare i an accused

Exercise 17

Choose the suitable word and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Barristers prepare (petitions, pleadings) and other documents needed in the legal process.

2. The function of barristers is to (direct, conduct) cases in court.

3. The function of a solicitor is the giving of (lawful, legal) advice on a wide variety of questions.

4. A solicitor has the right of audience as a (n) (pleader, advocate) in magistrates' courts and the county courts.

5. A solicitor may (act, operate) for his client who is selling property. And this particular skill is known as conveyancing.

6. Conveyancing, probate and litigation are the three main fields of (action, activity) of a solicitor, but there is no limit to the topics which may find their way to his office.

7. All barristers spend a lot of time at paper work apart from the (presentation, introduction) of cases in court.

8. The division of the legal (profession, employment) into barristers on the one hand and solicitors on the other hand, has been traced back to about 1340.

9. All practicing barristers are junior (counsellors, counsels) unless they have been appointed Queen's Counsels (Q.C.).

Exercise 18

Choose the correct ending to the sentences:

1. The barrister is usually thought of primarily as an advocate

a) because he is familiar to the public in his role as general legal adviser;

b) because people may call at his office and receive his advice in personal interview;

c) because he is a specialist defence counsel;

d) this is the work in which he is most often engaged.

2. The solicitors may form partnerships, which give them the opportunity

a) to have the right of audience as an advocate before all the superior courts;

b) to be a general practitioner;

c) to be an advocate in the inferior courts;

d) to specialise to some extent.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-20