Правила ударения

Правила чтения

Правила чтения

SELF-PRESENTATION

UNIT 1

Unit 1. Self-Presentation

Warming up

Answer the following questions:

1. Are you a student now? 2. What do you study? 3. Where are you at the moment? 4. Where is our university situated? 5. What language did you learn at school? 6. Is it difficult to learn a foreign language? 7. How old are you? 8. Where do you live? 9. Do you live with parents? 10. Have you got any friends? 11. How often do you meet your friends/go out? 12. What is the weather like today? 13. What do you like to do in you free time? 14. Was it difficult to pass the entrance examinations? 15. Where did you spend your summer holidays?

Revision

Понятие открытого и закрытого слога. Слог является открытым, если он оканчивается на гласный звук, и закрытым, если он оканчивается на согласный звук.

В английском языке 6 гласных букв: a, e, i, o, u, y.

Существует четыре способа прочтения данных гласных букв в зависимости от типа слога.

1. а) в открытом ударном слоге (заканчивающемся на гласную);

б) в закрытом ударном слоге (перед согласной, за которой следует нечитаемая гласная е

указанные буквы читаются так, как они называются в алфавите (за исключением буквы у::

a → [ei] name, late

e → [i:] be, me

i → [ai] write, site

o → [ou] go, nose

u→[Λ] but, cut

y →[ai] my

2. а) в закрытом ударном слоге перед конечной согласной в односложных словах;

б) в закрытом ударном слоге, если за ударная гласная буква отделена от последующей гласной двумя или тремя согласными.

В этом случае указанные гласные читаются следующим образом:

a → [æ] plan,

e → [e] text, next

i → [i] lift, sit

o → [o] got, lot

y →[i] myth

3. Сочетания указанных гласных с буквой r читаются следующим образом:

ar → [a:] card, mark

er→[ə:] term, germ

ir →[ə:] firm, bird

or →[o:] port, fork

ur →[ə:] fur

4. Сочетания указанных гласных с буквой r и другой гласной буквой читаются следующим образом:

ar+ гласная → [εə] rare

er+ гласная → [iə] here

ir+ гласная → [aiə] fire

or+ гласная → [o:] more

ur+ гласная →[juə] cure

yr+ гласная →[aiə] tyre

Запомните правила чтения греческих диграфов:

th → [θ] 1. во всех случах в начале слова, кроме местоимений и других служебных слов - think, theme

2. в конце слова - length,fifth

3. в середине слов греко-латинского происхождения - method, sympathy

→ [ð] 1. в между двумя гласными – worthy

2. в служебных словах и местоимениях – the, this, those.

ch → [t∫] в словах германского происхождения change, choose

→ [∫] в словах романского происхождения machine

→ [k] в словах греко-латинского происхождения character, architecture

ph →[f] philosophy

rh →[r] rhyme

В английском языке в словах, состоящих из двух и более слогов, один из них выделяется ударением. В транскрипции ударение обозначается знаком ['] перед ударным слогом ['i:zi] easy. Отличительной особенностью словесного ударения в английском языке является наличие двух (реже – трех) ударений в слове. Например, числительные от 13 до19 имеют два сильных ударения – sixteen [‘siks’ti:n].

Сложные существительные, как правило, имеют одно ударение – на первом компоненте – classroom [‘kla:srum]. Если второй компонент является двусложным или многосложным существительным, то на него падает второстепенное ударение, которое в транскрипции обозначается черточкой внизу [,] – newspaper [‘nju:s,peipə].

Grammar

The Verb to be

Present Simple:

Singular	Plural
I am	We are
You are	You are
He/She/It is	They are

Past Simple:

Singular	Plural
I was	We were
You were	You were
He/She/It was	They were

Future Simple:

Singular	Plural
I shall/will be	We shall/will be
You will be	You will be
He/She/It will be	They will be

Task 1. Use the names for different jobs and the pattern below to do the exercise.

journalist librarian doctor psychologist soldier post-graduate writer student flight attendant direct-service social workers computer technician teacher mechanic

I am in the army. I carry a gun. – I am a soldier. We study at a University. – We are students.

1. He writes books and novels. – He ______________.

2. She teaches courses at a high school. – She _____________.

3. They can help you to fix any problems with your car. – They _____________.

4. They treat patients. They _______________.

5. We are attending a post-graduate course now. – We ______________.

6. I write the articles you read in the newspaper. – I ________________.

7. She brings us drinks on a plane. – She __________________.

8. I help people to solve problems of living and resolve their mental health problems. – I ______________.

9. We help individuals and their families to solve and cope with their problems in their everyday lives. – We ______________.

10. She is in charge of a library and may provide information concerning individual books or collections of books. – She ______________.

11. He repairs and maintains computers and serves. – He _______________.

Task 2. Give short positive or negative answers to the following questions:

Are you busy at the moment? – Yes, I am / No, I am not. – Yes, we are / No, we aren’t.

1. Are you at the University? 2. Are you in the classroom? 3. Are you at the lecture? 4. Are you in the laboratory? 5. Are you in the library? 6. Are all students present in the classroom? 7. Are you hungry? 8. Are you cold? 9. Are you nervous? 10. Are you interested in English? 11. Are you on duty today?

Task 3. Give short negative answers followed by statements. Use the words suggested:

Is your brother a student? (an engineer) - No, he isn’t. He is an engineer.

1. Are you a social worker? (a student)

2. Are you a doctor? (a student)

3. Is your father a fireman? (a surgeon)

4. Is your mother a librarian? (a doctor)

5. Is your sister a schoolgirl? (a student)

6. Is your brother a student? (a psychologist)

7. Are you schoolchildren? (students)

8. Are you post-graduates? (students)

9. Are you prospective social workers? (clinical psychologists)

10. Are you prospective clinical psychologists? (social workers)

Task 4. Answer the following questions according to the patterns:

a) How are you? (very well) - I’m very well, thank you. b) How is your friend? (not very well) – He’s not very well, I’m afraid.

a) 1. How is Fred? (all right) 2. How are your neighbours? (quite well) 3. How is your mother? (not bad) 4. How are your grandparents (fine) 5. How is your teacher? (quite well)

b) 1. How are your friends? (very well) 2. How is your patient today? (not well) 3. How are your colleagues? (fine) 4. How is Tom? (much worse)

Task 5. Look at the picture below and answer the following questions:

Is the teacher at the blackboard? – Yes, she is. She is at the blackboard. Is the clock below the blackboard? – No, it isn’t. It is above the blackboard.

1. Is the noticeboard on the wall?

2. Is the flag above the blackboard?

3. Are the pupils at the desks?

4. Are the wastepaper baskets near the blackboard?

5. Are the notices on the wall?

6. Is the teacher in front of the blackboard?

7. Are the students’ desks behind the teacher’s desk?

8. Is the plant on the table?

9. Are the teacher’s papers on the desk?

10. Are the pupils’ pens and pencils on the desks?

Task 6. Change the sentences into Past Simple, using the given suggestions. Change the sentences into Future Simple where possible, using the given suggestions:

I am a student now. (a few years ago/next year) I was a student a few years ago. I will be a student next year.

1) I am a pupil (last year/next year). 2) We are first-year students (last year/next year). 3) I am very tired today (yesterday). 4) My brother is eighteen years old (last week/next week). 5) It is very cold today (the day before yesterday/tomorrow). 6) It is difficult to study at the University (when I was a student/when I become a student). 7) My favourite sport is gymnastics (when I was a child). 8) Today it is 19^th of May (yesterday/tomorrow). 9) I am pleased with today’s weather (yesterday’s weather).

Task 7. Answer the following questions, using Present or Past Simple:

1) What is first name?

2) What is your second (family) name?

3) How old are you?

4) Where were you born?

5) When were you born?

6) Where are you at the moment?

7) Where is our University?

8) What colour are your eyes?

9) What colour is your hair?

10) What are you like? (What sort of person are you?)

11) What are interested in?

12) What is your favourite sport?

13) What is your favourite book?

14) What was your favourite subject at school?

15) What date is it today?

16) What is the weather like today?

17) What was the weather like yesterday?

18) Where are you now?

19) Where were you at 10 a.m. yesterday?

20) Where will you be at 10 a.m. tomorrow?

Task 8. Study the following examples and translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

Present Simple

Дата добавления: 2014-11-08