Reported Speech

Psychological Therapies

UNIT 16

Jean Piaget

Exercise. Find the information which can help you to answer the questions below in the text.

C. control group f. placebo effect

B. longitudinal study e. double-blind experiment

A. sample d. single-blind experiment

Exercise. Choose the correct term or concept below to complete the sentence.

1. In a(n) ____________, only the participants of the experiment do not know whether they are in the experimental group or the control group.

2. In an experiment, the ___________ includes the participants who are not exposed to experimental variables.

3. The ________ is a change in a patient’s physical state that results from the patient’s perceptions of the treatment.

4. In a(n) ___________, neither the participants nor the experimenter knows whether the participants are in the experimental group or the control group.

5. Researchers generally select a(n) __________, which is a relatively small group of the total population that is being studied.

6. In a (n) _________, a researcher studies a group of people over a period of years.

Key: 1d; 2c; 3f; 4e; 5a; 6

1. What are two ways that a researcher can avoid a biased sample? 2. When do researchers use naturalistic observation? 3. How does a self-fulfilling prophecy present a problem for researchers? Can you describe the following research procedures - diaries, tests, questionnaires, and interviews?

Exercise. Read the text below and say which research methods Jean Piaget used. Prove your point of view.

Born in Switzerland, Jean Piaget sought to answer one question in his life work: How does knowledge grow? He studied his three children and thousands of other children to answer this question. Piaget spent his time watching children play and playing with them. He told them stories and listened to their stories, asking them questions about why things are as they are. He invented problems for them to solve and asked them what they dreamt about.

What did Piaget discover? He discovered that knowledge builds as children grow. Children develop logic and think differently at different ages. Psychologists regard Piaget’s discovery as revolutionary and insightful. Piaget’s theory challenged the behaviourists’ view that the environment determines behaviour. Piaget stressed a child’s active role in gaining knowledge. For these contributions, many consider Piaget the greatest child psychologist of the twentieth century.

Grammar

Reading and Speech Practice

Task 1. Read the title of the text and try to guess what the text is about judging by the title? What do you know or what have you heard about the subject you are going to read about?

Task 2. Find information on different psychological therapies. Discuss with your partner your ideas about:

a) Eclectic approaches;

b) Psychoanalysis;

c) Humanistic Counseling;

d) Cognitive-behavioural therapies;

Дата добавления: 2014-11-08