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Exercise 51. Read and translate the text




Exercise 50. Design a gadget. Choose one of the gadgets below or your own idea. Do a rough drawing of your gadget and write draft information about it. Use your list from Exercise 5 to help you.

Exercise 45. Complete the definitions (1-7) with the highlighted words in the text. Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.

 

1. A _________ is a good thing.

2. A __________ is a triangular block of glass.

3. ____________ are the pieces of glass you look through.

4. ____________ holds/attaches with air pressure.

5. ___________ is a type of plastic.

6. _____________ means hidden.

7. To _________ means to change direction.

 

Exercise 46. How useful are the gadgets? Put them in order (1= most useful, 2 = least useful). Discuss your ideas with a partner and agree on an order. Explain your list to the rest of the class. Do other students agree with you?

Exercise 47. Think of a gadget that you use in your home, for example, a TV remote control, a potato peeler. (You don`t need to know the English word). Plan how to describe it, for example:

Where is it used?

Who uses it?

Why is it useful?

What is it made from?

How much does it cost?

Exercise 48. Without naming the gadget, describe it to your class. Can they guess the gadget? Does anyone know the English word?

For example: You use this in the kitchen. You use it when you`re cooking potatoes or carrots. It`s easy to use and safer than a knife. It`s made from metal. It doesn`t need batteries. It`s not expensive.

 

Exercise 49. What information is included about each gadget?

 

Add to this list.

- The name of the gadget.

- What it does.

- …..

 

- A gadget to cut your toenails without bending over.

- A gadget to exercise your dog without going outside.

- A gadget to keep your younger brother/sister out of your bedroom.

- A gadget to clean your shoes.

 

Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов

 

History of nanotechnology

 

 

The first use of the concepts found in 'nano-technology' (but pre-dating use of that name) was in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," a talk given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959. Feynman described a process by which the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules might be developed, using one set of precise tools to build and operate another proportionally smaller set, and so on down to the needed scale. In the course of this, he noted, scaling issues would arise from the changing magnitude of various physical phenomena: gravity would become less important, surface tension and van der Waals attraction would become increasingly more significant, etc. This basic idea appeared plausible, and exponential assembly enhances it with parallelism to produce a useful quantity of end products. The term "nanotechnology" was defined by Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper as follows: "'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or by one molecule." In the 1980s the basic idea of this definition was explored in much more depth by Dr. K. Eric Drexler, who promoted the technological significance of nano-scale phenomena and devices through speeches and the books Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986) and Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, and so the term acquired its current sense. Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology is considered the first book on the topic of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and nanoscience got started in the early 1980s with two major developments; the birth of cluster science and the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This development led to the discovery of fullerenes in 1985 and carbon nanotubes a few years later. In another development, the synthesis and properties of semiconductor nanocrystals was studied; this led to a fast increasing number of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots. The atomic force microscope (AFM or SFM) was invented six years after the STM was invented. In 2000, the United States National Nanotechnology Initiative was founded to coordinate Federal nanotechnology research and development and is evaluated by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.

 




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