Грамматический справочник 2 страница

1. You (to do) the work well if you (to follow) my advice. 2. He (to get) a degree if he (to work) much. 3. They (to be allowed) to go there if they (to do) the work. 4. If she (to come) we (to have) dinner. 5. If he (to take) control of the company it (to succeed). 6. If he (to enter) the university he (to study) marketing. 7. If she (to go) to the cinema she (to enjoy) the film. 8. They (to get) good proportions if they often (to go) to the gym. 9. He (to win) the competition if he (to do) his best. 10. When they (to arrive) we (to solve) this problem.

8.1.4. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в необходимую видо-временную форму для образования третьего типа условного предложения. Добавьте необходимые обстоятельственные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

He (to help) us if he (to come). He would have helped us if he had come yesterday.

8.1.5.Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в правильную видо-временную форму.

She (to do) it yesterday if she had come in time. She would have done it yesterday if she had come in time.

1. If he asks I (to tell) him all about it. 2. He wouldn’t do this mistake if he (to know) it. 3. He will get up early if the lecture (to begin) at nine. 4. Unless they (to arrive) yesterday we wouldn’t have done the work in time. 5. If they (to make) a very good film they would become famous. 6. The children would have seen this film yesterday if they (to be allowed). 7. The students will do it if they (to be asked). 8. As soon as we finish we (to leave). 9. If he had come last Sunday we (to be able) to discuss it. 10. If she had sent the message beforehand he (not to be) angry with her.

8.1.6. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в правильной видо-временной форме:

I wish I (to be) a writer. – I wish I were a writer. It’s time we (to go) to the railway station – It’s time we went to the railway station.

1. He wishes he (to be) a banker. 2. They wish they (to do) this work quickly. 3. Dan wishes he (to have) a car. 4. We wish we (to see) this film. 5. Jane wishes she (to speak) Italian better. 6. It’s time we (to visit) this exhibition.

7. It’s time we (to have) lunch. 8. It’s time they (to arrive). 9. It’s high time I (to know) this rule well. 10. It’s high time we (to come) back home.

Существительное	Глагол	Прилагательное	Наречие
note	note	notable	Notably
form
	consider
profit
		intensive

8.1.8.. Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

fortune n property n deal n promote v equally adv border n immediate a tough a enjoy v luxury n to raise v strict a push v keen a excellence n chores n (pl) squat n require v deliver v retire v beefy vocation train v soccer n realize v sign up v attend v contest n win (won, won) v accept v invitation n amateur n success n prediction n obviously adv competitive a psychology n partnership n in turn purchase n consequent a succession n decent a earn v fan т propose v arrive v suit v thick a sleeper n affectionately adv resolutely adv assassin n weep v enemy n rival n undoubtedly adv chairman n supporter n aid n amazing rise v temporary a replacement n resist v pocket v resign v

cчастье, удача, богатство, состояние собственность сделка, соглашение продвигать, повышать по службе поровну, одинаково граница ближайший, немедленный, непосредственный жесткий, крепкий, грубый наслаждаться, пользоваться, обладать роскошь воспитывать, растить точный, строгий, требовательный толкать, подталкивать резкий, сильный, острый совершенство, мастерство, превосходство работа по дому, уборка упор присев требовать, нуждаться передавать, вручать, представлять удаляться, уходить, ложиться спать предназначение для мускулов воспитывать, обучать, готовить футбол осуществлять, выполнять, осознавать, представлять себе записаться (в армию), поступить на работу посещать соревнование, борьба, спор выигрывать, побеждать принимать, соглашаться, признавать приглашение любитель, непрофессионал успех, удача, процветание предсказание, прогноз, пророчество явно, очевидно, безусловно соперничающий, конкурирующий психология, психика товарищество, партнерство в свою очередь, по очереди покупка последующий последовательность, непрерывный ряд приличный, скромный, пристойный зарабатывать, заслуживать поклонник, почитатель, фанат предлагать, делать предложение прибывать, приезжать подходить, устраивать густой, насыщенный, сильный соня, что-то получившее широкое признание нежно, ласково твердо, решительно наемный убийца плакать, течь, капать враг конкурент, соперник несомненно председатель сторонник, глава семьи, кормилец помощь, содействие, поддержка удивительный, поразительный вставать, подниматься, возрождать временный замена, замещение сопротивляться, устоять класть в карман, присваивать вновь подписывать

8.1.9. Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык.

The self-made man, property deals, American royalty, the fifth biggest economy, subject to intense discipline, a tough place to live, to enjoy luxuries, a strict father, perfect proportions, to accept an invitation, career unparalleled in its success, against all predictions, a master of competitive psychology, to make the first million on the side, lucrative real estate deals, a decent movie part, in many respects, active in that direction, impossibly thick accent, a big supporter of.

8.1.10. Прочитайте текст и назовите, кем является Арнольд Шварценеггер в настоящее время и как он поддерживает развитие спорта в США:

In all of Hollywood history, there cannot be a better example of The Self-Made Man than Arnold Schwarzenegger. A millionaire many, many times over, he's made fortunes both through acting and property deals: he's married into the Kennedy clan, making him American royalty: and, of course, he's one of the very few stars whose films are promoted purely by the use of his surname. SCHWARZENEGGER. You've seen it many times. In fact, they could just use his Christian name. Arnold would work equally well. You couldn't say the same for Tom (Cruise, that is). Oh, and in 2003 he became Governor of California, taking control of the fifth biggest economy on the planet. How much higher could he possibly go?
As ever, it's all down to the early years. Born on July 30th, 1947, in the isolated Austrian village of Thal, down by the Italian border, he was subject to intense discipline from a very early age. In the immediate post-war period it was a tough place to live, and Arnold was 14 before his family enjoyed such luxuries as a fridge, and a phone. His father, Gustav, was a police chief in Graz, leaving Arnold and his older brother Meinhard to be raised by their mother Aurelia. You'd expect a policeman to be a strict father, but Gustav was doubly so. Being a champion, he was keen to push his boys to athletic excellence too. They would rise at 6, do their chores, then perform sit-ups and squats before their breakfast. They were allowed out on Sunday evenings but, legend has it, were required to deliver a 10-page essay on their activities before retiring to bed.

It worked. Meinhard rapidly became a champion boxer. Arnold too was quick to find a beefy vocation. Training for the local soccer team, he began to lift weights. Studying his body, now aged 15, he realised that to give it perfect proportions he'd need 20-inch biceps - he set to work immediately. At 18, there was National Service, and Arnold signed up, within a month in he went to attend the Mr Junior Europe bodybuilding contest in Stuttgart. He won, with a perfect score.
In 1966, he left the army to attend University in Munich, studying marketing. He also accepted an invitation to train at that city's famous Putzingger gym. In September, he came second in the amateur Mr Universe contest in London. Second being no place for a Schwarzenegger, he returned the next year to win it. He turned professional, everything was looking good. Then tragedy struck as first Meinhard was killed in a car crash, then Gustav died of a stroke. Neither, sadly, saw Arnold win the Pro Mr Universe title in 1968.
But Arnold kept going. Invited by bodybuilding champion Joe Weilder to train in the US, he moved to America and continued a career unparalleled in its success, becoming Mr. World as well as Mr. Universe. He took the latter title every year till 1975 when he retired (though he'd returned to win it again, against all predictions, in 1980). He was obviously highly intelligent, massively disciplined and a master of competitive psychology

Being the greatest bodybuilder in history was not enough, though. Arnold in 1970 played a demi-God in “Hercules In New York”. It wasn't a good film.
While his film career took a while to take off, Arnold continued winning those bodybuilding titles. He also made his first million on the side. Forming a partnership with fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu, he financed a series of fitness books and cassettes. These in turn financed the purchase of an apartment block and a consequent succession of lucrative real estate deals. He was driving a Mercedes and living in a flash Los Angeles home before he ever won a decent movie part. And he still found time to earn a degree, by correspondence, from the University of Wisconsin, majoring in International Marketing.
In 1977, Arnold met his wife, Maria Shriver, cousin of John F. Kennedy's son, John. It was in many respects an odd coupling. Arnold, unsurprisingly a big fan of capitalism, was a Republican, while Shriver was from the world's most famous Democrat dynasty and, as a TV journalist, was politically active in that direction. Nevertheless, having met at a Pro-Celebrity tennis tournament, they dated for eight years and, after Arnold proposed while they were boating on a lake in Austria, they married in 1986. They have four children - Katherine Eunice, Christina Maria Aurelia, Patrick and Christopher Sargent.
At last in 1982 a role arrived that really suited Arnold's build, and his impossibly thick accent. Then he also got a more important role, as the time-travelling cyborg assassin in James Cameron's The Terminator. This would be a cult hit, a sleeper, but it would eventually make both Cameron and Schwarzenegger. But action was always Arnold's middle name, and his blockbuster years began with Terminator 2 (affectionately known as T2), in 1992. From here on in, Arnold was resolutely The Good Guy, beginning in T2 as a cyborg assassin turned protector, saving the world and even weeping little cyborg tears.
But his film career would then be put on hold as he finally made his entry into the world of politics. When an election in California was called in 2003, Arnie stepped in on the Republican ticket. On October 7th, Arnie crushed his enemies in the elections, with 1.5 million votes beating his closest rival by a clear 500,000. He'd made it, just like Ronald Reagan before him. And immediately talk began of an assault on the Oval Office. Of course, not being born American he couldn't be President (he became a US citizen in 1983), but that didn't seem to worry anyone.
Known as the Austrian Oak (his production company is called Oak Productions), Schwarzenegger is undoubtedly the Big Man of cinema. Taking $25 million per movie ($30 million for T3), he's high up the A-list. But, aside from being Governor of California, he's so much more than that. He's a restaurateur and was chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness, taking time out to visit all 50 states (at his own expense) to promote health for kids. He also, along with his wife, is a big supporter of the Special Olympics and the Inner City Games, a foundation in aid of sport for kids.
It's amazing that he keeps rising. In 1999 he was already so famous that he inadvertently brought down the Japanese Minister for Defence. Having lost his passport in Japan, Arnold had to fill out some forms for a temporary replacement. The minister couldn't resist pocketing them as a souvenir, but was caught and forced to resign.

8.1.11. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста, подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста:

13.He was a full-time student at the University of Wisconsin studying International Marketing.

14.Arnold got married in 1977 when he met Maria Shriver, cousin of John Kennedy’s doomed son, John.

8.1.13..Прочитайте текст. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

Получить степень заочного образования, приступить к работе немедленно, во многих отношениях, сделать состояние, в свою очередь, сокрушить врагов, быть воспитанным кем-либо, строгая дисциплина, знаменитая династия демократов, несомненно, сделки с собственностью, строгий отец, наслаждаться роскошью, выгодные сделки с недвижимостью, лучший пример, совершенные пропорции, ближайший конкурент, продвигать фильм, достойная роль в кино, психика устойчивая в условиях соревнования (конкуренции), энергично подталкивать к, подходить, найти предназначение своим мускулам, меценат, принимать участие в соревновании, осознавать, наперекор всем предсказаниям, поднимать тяжести, это удивительно, заставлять силой, победить с хорошим преимуществом, годы взлёта, выиграть звание (титул), тайком положить в карман в качестве сувенира.

8.1.14. Переведите на английский язык сдедующие предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания:

1.Он сделал несколько состояний, но потерял их.

4.Он только что провел несколько выгодных сделок с недвижимостью.

6.Их дети были воспитаны в строгой дисциплине.

7.Он сделал состояние на сделках с собственностью.

9.Он знаменитый человек во многих отношениях.

10.Они поняли, что он победил с отличным счетом.

11.Их заставили профинансировать эти соревнования.

14.Эти студенты учатся в университете заочно.

8.1.15. Прочитайте текст и найдите предложения, содержащие Participle I и Participle II.

8.1.16. Cократите текст, опустив несущественные детали.

8.1.17.Составьте план и передайте содержание текста по ключевым словам:

Self-made man, make fortune, acting, property deals, royalty, governor, discipline, strict, perfect proportions, bodybuilding contest, move, film career, finance, real estate deals, election, governor, supporter.

8.1.18. Расскажите о каком-либо актёре, являющемся и общественным деятелем в нашей стране.

8.2.1. Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

issue n creator n untrue a previously adv emulator n interpreter n unveil v right n ensure v software n wealth n board n entitle v architect n primary a broaden v range n achieve v vigorously adv defend v litigation n approval n account n extremely adv remark n employee n shout v back down v target n outburst n frankly adv claim v quip n overlook v assess v value n annual a tax n private a acquisition n rare a charitable a provide v AIDS prevention disease n endow v estimate v engage v conspicuous a consumption n lavish a irritate v ordeal n

выпуск, предмет спора создатель, разработчик неправда предварительно соперник, последователь переводчик, интерпретатор раскрывать, разоблачать право обеспечивать, гарантировать, страховать программное обеспечение богатство, материальные ценности правление, совет, коллегия озаглавливать, давать право архитектор первоначальный, первичный расширять серия, ряд, сфера достигать, добиваться сильно, решительно, энергично защищать, охранять судебный процесс, тяжба одобрение, визирование, санкция счет, отчетность, доклад крайне, чрезвычайно, в высшей степени замечание, примечание, ссылка рабочий, служащий, работающий по найму кричать, выкрикивать отступать, ретироваться цель взрыв, вспышка прямо, открыто, откровенно требовать, претендовать, заявлять саркастическое замечание, колкость выходить на определять размер, оценивать стоимость, цена ежегодный налог, сбор, пошлина частный, личный, отдельный приобретение, овладение редкий, негустой, неплотный милосердный, щедрый, отзывчивый обеспечивать, предоставлять предупреждение СПИДа заболевание, диагноз обеспечить доход/содержание, давать в дар оценивать, подсчитывать нанимать, заниматься видимый, заметный, выдающийся потребление, расход щедрый, расточительный раздражать, сердить тяжелое испытание

8.2.2. Прочитайте текст и определите, удачно ли начал свою карьеру Билл Гейтс и кем он сейчас является в своей корпорации:

After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates called MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others had developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the platform. This was untrue, as Gates and Allen had never used an Altair previously nor developed any code for it. Within a period of eight weeks they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. Allen and Gates flew to MITS to unveil the new BASIC system. The demonstration was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to buy the rights to Allen and Gates's BASIC for the Altair platform. It was at this point that Gates left Harvard to found Micro-Soft, which later became Microsoft Corporation, with Allen.

By continuing to ensure, by various means, that most computers came with their software pre-installed, Microsoft eventually went on to become the largest software company in the world, earning Gates enough money that Forbes Magazine named him the wealthiest person in the world for several years. Gates served as the CEO of the company until 2000 when Steve Ballmer took the position. Gates continues to serve as a chairman of the board at the company and also as a position he created for himself entitled "Chief Software Architect". Microsoft has thousands of patents, and Gates has nine patents to his name.

Since Microsoft's founding and as of 2006, Gates has had primary responsibility for Microsoft's product strategy. He has aggressively broadened the company's range of products, and wherever Microsoft has achieved a dominant position he has vigorously defended it. Many decisions that have led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft's business practices have had Gates's approval.

Gates meets regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers. By all accounts he can be extremely confrontational during these meetings, particularly when he believes that managers have not thought out their business strategy or have placed the company's future at risk. He has been described shouting at length at employees before letting them continue, with such remarks as "That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard!" and "Why don't you just join the Peace Corps?" However, he often backs down when the targets of his outbursts respond frankly and directly. When he is not impressed with the technical hurdles managers claim to be facing, he sometimes quips, "Do you want me to do it over the weekend?".

Bill Gates married Melinda French of Dallas, Texas on January 1, 1994. Melinda has given birth to three children. Bill Gates' house is one of the most expensive houses in the world, and is a modern 21st century home in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington. According to King County public records, as of 2006, the total assessed value of the property (land and house) is $125 million, and the annual property tax is just under $1 million. Also among Gates's private acquisitions are the Codex Leicester, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci which Gates bought for $30.8 million at an auction in 1994, and a rare Gutenberg Bible.

In 2000, Gates founded the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a charitable organization, with his wife. The foundation's grants have provided funds for college scholarships for under-represented minorities, AIDS prevention, diseases prevalent in third world countries, and other causes. In 2000, the Gates Foundation endowed the University of Cambridge with $210 million for the Gates Cambridge Scholarships. The Foundation has also pledged over $7 billion to its various causes, including $1 billion to the United Negro College Fund; and as of 2005, had an estimated endowment of $29.0 billion. He has spent about a third of his lifetime income on charity.

Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer has stated that Gates is probably the most "spammed" person in the world, receiving as many as 4,000,000 e-mails per day in 2004, most of which were junk. Gates has almost an entire department devoted to filtering out junk emails. In an article, Gates himself has said that most of this junk mail "offers to help him get out of debt or get rich quick", which "would be funny given his financial state if it weren't so irritating".

Gates is widely considered one of the world's most influential people. Time magazine named him one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005 and again in 2006. Gates has been number one on the "Forbes 400" list from 1993 through to 2006 and number one on Forbes list of "The World's Richest People" from 1995-2006. In 2004, he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by Warren Buffett, the second wealthiest person in the world according to Forbes and a long time friend of Gates.

Gates has not generally engaged in conspicuous consumption beyond his lavish home, with its gardens and art collection. Gates also rents or leases a home on Mustique, an exclusive island in the Grenadines, and owns a 300 foot yacht named Ice. In contrast, his former associate Paul Allen has used his wealth in perhaps a more typical manner—owning sports teams, vintage airplanes, and multiple residences. Gates also claimed, in 2005, that he has gone to work every day since 1975, which in recent years includes both his role at Microsoft, and his leadership position at the Gates Foundation.

In May 2005, Gates said in an interview that he wished that he wasn't the richest man in the world, the stated reason being that it was a very irritating ordeal to be looked upon as the world's richest man.

8.2.3. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

8.2.4. В каждом абзаце найдите предложение, выражающее его основную мысль. Озаглавьте каждый абзац.

8.2.6. Переведите составленный план на английский язык.

8.2.7. Напишите краткое изложение текста на английском языке.

8.3.1. Прочитайте текст и определите, в каких сферах проявился художественный дар Пола МакКартни:

4. anti-landmines campaigner – участник двжения против использования мин

James Paul McCartney was born on the 18^th of June, 1942, in Liverpool. His father, Jim McCartney, was a self-taught pianist, and dance-band leader who encouraged Paul to be musical. His father gave him a trumpet, which he largely abandoned when he realised that he could not sing while playing. Later, when skiffle music became popular, Paul swapped the trumpet for a £15 Zenith acoustic guitar (which he still has).

Paul McCartney first rose to fame as a bassist, pianist, guitarist, singer and songwriter for The Beatles. He met John Lennon at a picnic on July 6, 1957, and was invited to join Lennon's band The Quarrymen as a guitarist. McCartney's schoolmate, George Harrison, joined soon after as a third guitarist, followed by the addition of Stuart Sutcliffe on bass. Pete Best joined on drums, rounding out the original lineup of the band. McCartney took over bass guitar duties in the early 1960s, when Lennon and Harrison declined following the departure of Sutcliffe. Ringo Starr replaced Best as drummer in 1962 to complete The Beatles' final line-up.